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GEOGRAPHY OBJ
01-10: CBACBBBCCB
11-20: ABBDACCDBA
21-30: BBDCCCBADA
31-40: BABDABDBDA
41-50: CACACCACBD
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SECTION A: ANSWER TWO(2) QUESTIONS ONLY
(1a)
(i) Rapid population growth due to high birth rates and rural-urban migration.
(ii) Overcrowding and poor living conditions, with many residents living in slums or informal settlements.
(iii) Inadequate infrastructure, including roads, sanitation, and water supply.
(iv) High levels of poverty and unemployment, with many residents engaged in informal economic activities.
(v) Environmental degradation, including pollution and lack of green spaces.
(1b)
(i) Food supply: Urban areas rely on rural areas for food production, with many cities importing agricultural products from surrounding rural areas.
(ii) Water supply: Urban areas often rely on rural areas for water supply, with many cities sourcing their water from rivers, lakes, or reservoirs located in rural areas.
(iii) Energy supply: Urban areas may rely on rural areas for energy production, such as hydroelectric power or biomass.
(iv) Labor supply: Urban areas often attract migrants from rural areas, who provide labor for urban industries and services.
(v) Waste disposal: Urban areas often rely on rural areas for waste disposal, with many cities sending their waste to rural areas for disposal or recycling.
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(2a)
Balance of trade refers to the difference between the value of a country’s exports and imports over a certain period of time.
(2b)
(i) Natural resources: Tropical Africa is rich in natural resources, such as oil, minerals, and timber, which are in high demand in developed countries.
(ii) Market demand: Developed countries have a high demand for certain products from Tropical Africa, such as cocoa, coffee, and cotton.
(iii) Trade agreements: Trade agreements, such as the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), promote trade between Tropical Africa and developed countries by reducing tariffs and other trade barriers.
(iv) Foreign investment: Foreign investment in Tropical Africa can promote trade by increasing production capacity and improving infrastructure.
(v) Globalization: Globalization has increased trade between Tropical Africa and developed countries by reducing trade barriers and improving communication and transportation links.
(2c)
(i) Increased foreign exchange earnings: International trade can earn Tropical African countries foreign exchange, which can be used to import goods and services.
(ii) Economic growth: International trade can stimulate economic growth in Tropical Africa by increasing demand for domestic products and attracting foreign investment.
(iii) Job creation: International trade can create jobs in Tropical Africa, particularly in industries that produce goods for export.
(iv) Improved standard of living: International trade can improve the standard of living in Tropical Africa by increasing access to goods and services, and generating income for individuals and businesses.
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(3a)
Pipeline transportation refers to the movement of goods, particularly liquids and gases, through pipes from one place to another.
(3b)
(i) Crude oil
(ii) Natural gas
(3ci)
(i) Efficient and reliable mode of transportation, reducing reliance on road or rail transport.
(ii) Reduced transportation costs, as pipelines can transport large volumes of products over long distances.
(iii) Minimized risk of accidents and spills compared to road or rail transport.
(iv) Increased energy security, as pipelines can provide a stable supply of energy resources.
(3cii)
(i) Vandalism and sabotage, which can disrupt supply and cause economic losses.
(ii) Environmental concerns, such as oil spills and gas leaks, which can harm local ecosystems.
(iii) High initial investment costs, which can be a barrier to pipeline development.
(iv) Land acquisition and community displacement issues, as pipelines often require large tracts of land.
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SECTION B: ANSWER TWO(2) QUESTIONS ONLY
(4a)
(4b)
(i) Latitude: Nigeria’s location near the equator influences its rainfall patterns, with the southern regions receiving more rainfall than the northern regions.
(ii) Topography: Mountainous regions, such as the Jos Plateau, can force warm, moist air to rise, cool, and condense, resulting in orographic rainfall.
(iii) Maritime influence: The Atlantic Ocean has a significant impact on Nigeria’s rainfall patterns, particularly in the coastal regions, where the warm, moist air from the ocean contributes to high rainfall.
(iv) Seasonal wind patterns: The movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the trade winds influence the distribution of rainfall in Nigeria, with the country experiencing a wet season and a dry season.
(4c)
(i) High temperatures: Sub-equatorial climates in Nigeria are characterized by high temperatures throughout the year, with minimal seasonal variation.
(ii) High humidity: The region experiences high humidity, particularly during the wet season, due to its proximity to the equator and the influence of the Atlantic Ocean.
(iii) Distinct wet and dry seasons: Sub-equatorial climates in Nigeria have distinct wet and dry seasons, with the wet season typically occurring during the summer months and the dry season during the winter months.
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(5a)
(i) Favorable Climate: Coconut trees thrive in tropical climates with warm temperatures (25-35°C) and high humidity, making Nigeria’s coastal regions ideal for cultivation.
(ii) Market Demand: There’s a huge demand for coconuts in Nigeria, particularly in the southern and northern regions, with opportunities for export to other countries.
(iii) Low Maintenance: Coconut trees are relatively disease-free and require minimal care, making them a profitable venture for farmers.
(iv) Versatile Uses: Coconuts have multiple uses, including food, oil, soap, and cosmetics, providing various revenue streams for farmers.
(v) Government Support: While not explicitly mentioned, the existence of organizations like Veggie Grow and research institutions indicates potential support for coconut farmers.
(5b)
(i) Use Quality Seedlings: Purchase high-quality, disease-resistant coconut seedlings from reputable nurseries to ensure healthy plants.
(ii) Proper Soil Management: Apply organic manure and fertilizers to maintain soil fertility and ensure optimal growing conditions.
(iii) Pest and Disease Control: Implement effective pest management strategies, such as using insecticides and fungicides, to minimize damage to coconut trees.
(iv) Irrigation Management: Use drip irrigation or other efficient irrigation systems to conserve water and reduce the risk of water-borne diseases.
(v) Capacity Building: Provide training and support for farmers on best practices, pest management, and disease control to improve productivity and yields.
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(6)
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