ECONOMICS OBJ
01-10: DADDBDBABA
11-20: BDCBABAAAB
21-30: CACDABACDB
31-40: BDBADCACDB
41-50: ADBDCBCCAB
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(2)
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(3a)
Price elasticity of demand measures how sensitive the quantity demanded of a good is to a change in its price. It shows the percentage change in quantity demanded in response to a percentage change in price. On the other hand, income elasticity of demand measures how sensitive the quantity demanded of a good is to a change in income. It shows the percentage change in quantity demanded in response to a percentage change in income.
(3b)
(i) the government: Price elasticity of demand helps the government understand how consumers will respond to changes in prices, such as taxes or subsidies. This information can guide the government in making decisions about taxation policies and welfare programs.
(ii) a monopolist: Price elasticity of demand is important for a monopolist because it helps them understand how changes in price will impact their total revenue. If demand is elastic, a monopolist may need to lower prices to increase revenue, while if demand is inelastic, they may be able to increase prices without losing many customers.
(iii) devaluation of currency as it affects exports: Price elasticity of demand is relevant to understanding how changes in the value of a currency (devaluation) will affect the demand for exports. If the demand for exports is elastic, a devaluation may lead to an increase in exports as they become relatively cheaper. However, if the demand for exports is inelastic, the impact of devaluation on exports may be limited.
(iv) a trade union’s agitation for wage increase: Price elasticity of demand helps trade unions understand how changes in wages will impact the demand for the goods or services produced by the industries they represent. If the demand for the goods or services is elastic, a wage increase may lead to higher prices and a decrease in demand. However, if the demand is inelastic, a wage increase may have less impact on demand.
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(5a)
Crop farming refers to the cultivation of plants for the purpose of producing food, fiber, medicinal plants, and other products used to sustain and enhance human life.
(5b)
(i) Economic Revenue: Cash crop farming contributes significantly to a country’s economy by generating revenue through the export of crops. The income earned from the export of cash crops can be used to finance other developmental projects.
(ii) Employment Opportunities: Cash crop farming creates job opportunities for a large number of people, both directly and indirectly. From the farmers working on the fields to those involved in transportation, processing, and marketing, cash crop farming contributes to employment generation.
(iii) Foreign Exchange Earnings: Cash crops, when exported, contribute to a country’s foreign exchange earnings. This can enhance the country’s ability to engage in international trade, pay off debts, and strengthen its economic position globally.
(5c)
(i) Food Security: Governments aim to ensure food security for their populations by implementing agricultural policies. This involves strategies to increase agricultural productivity, improve distribution systems, and stabilize food prices to make essential food items accessible to all citizens.
(ii) Rural Development: Agricultural policies often target rural development by investing in infrastructure, providing access to credit, and offering technical assistance to farmers. This helps in creating sustainable rural livelihoods and reducing poverty in rural areas.
(iii) Sustainable Agriculture: Governments strive to promote sustainable agricultural practices that conserve natural resources, protect the environment, and maintain the long-term viability of farming. This includes measures to encourage responsible land use, water conservation, and the adoption of eco-friendly farming techniques.
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(6a) Indigenization refers to the process of transferring ownership, control, and management of businesses or industries from foreign or non-indigenous individuals or entities to local or indigenous individuals or entities. It is often pursued as a means of promoting economic empowerment and self-reliance within a country.
(6b)
WHEN SITING A SUGAR CANE PROCESSING PLANT, AN ENTREPRENEUR WOULD CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING MAJOR FACTORS:
(i) Proximity to sugar cane farms: The plant should be located close to the source of sugar cane to minimize transportation costs and ensure the availability of fresh cane for processing.
(ii) Access to water and energy resources: Sugar cane processing requires a significant amount of water and energy. Therefore, the entrepreneur would consider siting the plant in an area with access to ample water supply and reliable energy sources.
FOR SITING A CERAMIC TILE FACTORY, THE MAJOR FACTOR AN ENTREPRENEUR WOULD CONSIDER ARE:
(i) Availability of raw materials: A ceramic tile factory requires access to clay, silica, and other raw materials used in tile production. Therefore, the entrepreneur would consider siting the factory in an area where these materials are readily available to minimize transportation costs.
(ii) Proximity to market: The entrepreneur would also consider siting the factory in a location that is close to the target market to reduce transportation costs and ensure timely delivery of products.
(6c)
(i) Job creation: Localization of industry can lead to the creation of employment opportunities in the local area, reducing unemployment rates and improving the standard of living for the local population.
(ii) Economic development: Localization of industry can contribute to the overall economic development of an area by attracting investments, stimulating economic activities, and generating revenue through taxes and other economic activities.
(iii) Reduced transportation costs: Localizing industry can help reduce transportation costs as products are produced closer to the market. This can lead to cost savings for both producers and consumers.
(iv) Sustainable development: Localization of industry promotes sustainable development by reducing the carbon footprint associated with long-distance transportation of goods. It also encourages the use of local resources and fosters a sense of community and local pride.
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(7a)
Public finance refers to the study of government revenue, expenditures, and debt management. It involves analyzing how the government raises funds (through taxes and other sources), allocates those funds to provide public goods and services, and manages its overall financial resources.
(7b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) User fees and charges: Governments charge fees for specific services or activities such as issuing passports, driver’s licenses, or admission to national parks.
(ii) Profits from state-owned enterprises: Governments may own and operate certain businesses, such as energy companies or national airlines, from which they generate profits.
(iii) Royalties and licensing fees: Governments receive payments from companies or individuals for the use of natural resources or intellectual property rights.
(iv) Fines and penalties: Governments collect fines and penalties for violations of laws or regulations, such as traffic fines or penalties for tax evasion.
(v) Grants and donations: Governments receive grants and donations from international organizations, other governments, or private entities for various purposes, such as development projects or humanitarian aid.
(7ci)
Control inflation: To control inflation, the government can adopt contractionary fiscal policies. This involves reducing government spending and increasing taxes to decrease aggregate demand in the economy. By reducing the money supply, the government can lower prices and control inflation.
(7cii)
Reduce unemployment: Fiscal measures can be used to reduce unemployment by adopting expansionary policies. The government can increase spending on infrastructure projects, education, and healthcare, which creates jobs and stimulates demand in the economy. Additionally, tax cuts can incentivize private sector investments and stimulate economic activity, leading to job creation.
(7ciii)
Create a favorable balance of payments: A favorable balance of payments occurs when a country’s exports exceed its imports. To achieve this, the government can use fiscal measures such as export incentives and subsidies. This encourages domestic firms to export more and reduces reliance on imported goods. Additionally, the government can implement measures to attract foreign direct investment, which can boost exports and improve the balance of payments.
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