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CIVIC OBJ
01-20: BBABBABACD
11-20: CBDCCBCADB
21-30: BCDADCCBAC
31-40: ADDBDCBDBA
41-50: DBDCCACACA
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(1a)
(i) Promoting unhealthy values and behaviors: Media can glorify harmful behaviors, influencing children’s values and decisions.
(ii) Creating unrealistic expectations: Media portrayals can create unrealistic expectations about relationships, body image, or success.
(iii) Undermining parental values: Media messages can contradict parental values, causing confusion and conflict.
(1b)
(i) Media literacy: Teaching children to critically evaluate media messages.
(ii) Open communication: Discussing media content and its implications.
(iii) Setting boundaries: Establishing limits on media consumption and promoting positive alternatives.
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(2a)
(i) Residence Requirement:
The alien must have legally resided in the country continuously for a specified period, often ranging from 5 to 15 years, depending on the country’s laws. This shows commitment to the country and integration into society.
(ii) Good Character:
The applicant must have no criminal record and must be known for being law-abiding, responsible, and respectful of social norms. A background check is usually conducted to verify this.
(iii) Language Proficiency:
The person must be able to speak, read, and understand the official or national language of the country. This ensures that they can integrate well into society and communicate effectively.
(iv) Loyalty Oath:
The applicant must take an oath of allegiance, promising to be loyal to the new country, support its constitution, and renounce allegiance to any other country where applicable.
(v) Application and Approval by Authority:
The person must formally apply for citizenship, and the application must be approved by the appropriate government authority such as the Ministry of Interior or Citizenship Board. Some countries may require interviews or additional documentation.
(2b)
(i) Respect for National Symbols and Institutions:
Citizens demonstrate loyalty by respecting the national flag, anthem, constitution, and coat of arms. For example, standing during the national anthem shows a sense of national pride and respect.
(ii) Obeying Laws and Regulations:
Responsible citizens follow the laws of the country, pay taxes, and avoid acts like theft, corruption, or violence. This helps in maintaining peace and order.
(iii) Voting in Elections:
Participating in elections shows a citizen’s commitment to democracy and national development. It allows them to choose leaders who will represent their interests.
(iv) Defending the Country:
Citizens may be called to serve in the armed forces or help during national emergencies. Even without military service, supporting national security efforts and reporting crime are signs of loyalty.
(v) Promoting National Unity and Peace:
Loyal citizens avoid actions that can divide the country, such as tribalism, hate speech, or religious extremism. They work towards national development and peaceful coexistence.
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(3a)
(i) Underage Driving:
Timmy is only 15 years old, which is below the legal driving age in most countries. This is a serious traffic violation and a safety concern.
(ii) Use of Mobile Phone While Driving:
Timmy was receiving a call while driving, which is a form of distracted driving and a major cause of road accidents.
(iii) Disregard for Traffic Signals:
He ran a red light, which is a direct violation of traffic rules and increases the risk of collisions at intersections.
(3b)
(i) Strict Enforcement of Minimum Driving Age Laws:
Authorities should ensure that only individuals who meet the legal age and have valid driver’s licenses are allowed to drive.
(ii) Public Education on Road Safety:
Awareness campaigns should be conducted to educate both young people and adults about the dangers of using phones while driving and the importance of obeying traffic signals.
(iii) Use of Technology and Penalties to Deter Violations:
Install traffic cameras at intersections to monitor and penalize red-light runners, and implement fines or license points for mobile phone use while driving.
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(4)
(i) N-Power Program: This program provides training and stipends to young Nigerians in various sectors, aiming to reduce unemployment and promote economic growth. The program focuses on building skills in areas such as agriculture, education, and technology. By gaining practical experience, participants are better equipped to secure jobs or start their own businesses.
(ii) YouWin (Youth Enterprise with Innovation in Nigeria): This initiative supports young entrepreneurs by financing their businesses, creating jobs and spurring economic growth through innovation. Selected entrepreneurs receive funding and mentorship to help their businesses grow and succeed. The program aims to foster a culture of entrepreneurship and innovation among Nigerian youths.
(iii) Graduate Internship Scheme (GIS): This program offers temporary employment opportunities to graduates, helping them gain work experience and reduce unemployment rates. Participants are placed in various organizations where they gain practical skills and exposure. The scheme aims to bridge the gap between academic knowledge and industry requirements.
(iv) Presidential Youth Empowerment Scheme (P-YES): This initiative provides training and startup kits to promote entrepreneurship and economic independence among youths. The program focuses on agricultural development and other sectors, equipping young people with the tools they need to succeed. By empowering youths, the scheme aims to reduce poverty and promote economic growth.
(v) TraderMoni: This microcredit scheme offers interest-free loans to small-scale traders and youths, supporting business growth and financial inclusion. The program provides access to capital for entrepreneurs who may not have access to traditional banking services. By empowering small business owners, TraderMoni aims to improve livelihoods and stimulate economic activity.
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(5a)
(i) Health Problems:
The pills could cause serious health issues, including addiction, organ damage (especially the liver or brain), mental illness, or even death depending on their content.
(ii) Addiction:
Regular use may lead to drug dependence, making it hard for Mosi to function normally without taking the pills.
(iii) Poor Academic Performance:
Drug use can affect concentration, memory, and motivation, leading to declining performance in school and possible dropout.
(iv) Legal Consequences:
If the pills are illegal substances, Mosi could face arrest, court charges, or detention, which would damage his future opportunities.
(v) Damage to Reputation and Relationships:
His family, teachers, and peers may lose trust and respect for him. He might also be expelled from school or isolated socially.
(5b)
(i) Say No Firmly:
Mosi should refuse clearly and confidently, without hesitation, to show that he means it.
(ii) Avoid Peer Pressure Situations:
He should distance himself from groups or environments where such drugs are offered or used.
(iii) Seek Support from Trusted Adults:
Mosi can talk to a teacher, parent, counselor, or religious leader for advice and help in resisting negative influences.
(iv) Educate Himself About the Dangers of Drugs:
Understanding the risks and long-term effects of drug use can strengthen his resolve to say no.
(v) Choose Positive Friendships:
He should build friendships with people who have good values, encourage him to stay focused, and support healthy habits.
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(6a)
(i) Lack of Legal Documentation:
Without identity papers or legal status, Naje may find it difficult to access services or move freely, making her more vulnerable to exploitation.
(ii) Poverty and Desperation:
Limited access to basic needs (food, shelter, income) can push her to accept risky offers or fall for false job promises from traffickers.
(iii) Separation from Family:
Being alone or separated from her family reduces her protection and support network, making her an easier target.
(iv) Limited Education and Awareness:
Displaced people often miss out on education, and Naje may lack awareness about the dangers and signs of trafficking.
(v) Poor Security in Refugee Camps:
Camps may not have enough security personnel or surveillance, allowing traffickers to operate undetected.
(vi) Dependency on Strangers for Help:
Traffickers may pose as helpers, offering Naje transport, jobs, or shelter only to exploit her later.
(vii) Lack of Legal Employment Opportunities:
If Naje cannot work legally, she may be pushed into illegal or exploitative work under traffickers’ control.
(6b)
(i) Provide Legal Identification and Registration::
Ensuring that refugees like Naje are officially registered and documented gives them legal protection and access to services.
(ii) Strengthen Security in Refugee Camps:
Deploy trained personnel to monitor camps, screen visitors, and investigate suspicious activities to deter traffickers.
(iii) Conduct Awareness and Education Campaigns:
Teach refugees about the risks of trafficking, how to recognize it, and how to seek help through posters, talks, and hotlines.
(iv) Offer Livelihood and Support Services:
Provide access to education, vocational training, and legal job opportunities so that refugees are less tempted by dangerous offers.
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(7a)
(i) Provision of Basic Services:
Local governments are responsible for providing essential services such as water supply, sanitation, waste disposal, and maintenance of local roads.
(ii) Registration of Births, Deaths, and Marriages:
They handle civil registration, ensuring that vital statistics are properly documented and certificates are issued.
(iii) Collection of Taxes and Rates:
Local councils collect certain taxes like property rates, tenement rates, and market dues within their area.
(iv) Maintenance of Local Markets and Motor Parks:
They manage and regulate markets, bus terminals, and local business environments, ensuring order and cleanliness.
(v) Promotion of Community Development:
Local governments support grassroots development by initiating and implementing small-scale projects, such as health centers, schools, and rural electrification.
(7b)
(i) Grants from the Federal or State Government:
Local governments receive allocations from higher levels of government as part of revenue sharing.
(ii) Taxes and Rates:
These include property taxes, tenement rates, and local business permits collected from residents and businesses.
(iii) Licensing Fees:
Revenue is earned through issuing licenses for motor vehicles, bicycles, radio/TV sets, and business operations.
(iv) Fines and Penalties:
Money is generated from court fines or violations of local by-laws, such as sanitation offenses.
(v) Earnings from Local Enterprises:
Local governments may run guesthouses, community halls, farms, or markets, and earn income from their operations.
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(8.)
(i) Limiting executive power: The rule of law ensures that government actions are bound by laws and regulations, preventing abuse of power. This limitation on executive authority helps to prevent authoritarianism and ensures that power is exercised responsibly. By establishing clear boundaries, the rule of law promotes accountability and good governance.
(ii) Protecting individual rights: By upholding constitutional rights and freedoms, the rule of law safeguards citizens from arbitrary treatment. This protection empowers individuals to assert their rights and seek redress when they are violated. By safeguarding individual rights, the rule of law promotes dignity, justice, and equality.
(iii) Promoting transparency and accountability: The rule of law requires government actions to be transparent, making it difficult for arbitrary decisions to go unchecked. Transparency enables citizens to hold officials accountable for their actions, promoting good governance and trust in institutions. By ensuring accountability, the rule of law helps to prevent corruption and abuse of power.
(iv) Ensuring equal treatment: The rule of law promotes equal application of laws, preventing discriminatory treatment. This ensures that all individuals are treated fairly and without prejudice, regardless of their status or background. By promoting equality, the rule of law helps to build trust and confidence in institutions.
(v) Providing checks and balances: The rule of law establishes institutional checks, such as judicial review, to prevent any one branch of government from abusing power. These checks help to maintain the balance of power, preventing any one institution from dominating the others. By providing checks and balances, the rule of law promotes accountability and prevents authoritarianism.
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(9a)
Traditional mode of popular participation refers to the involvement of citizens in the decision-making process through established cultural, social, and community structures, such as town hall meetings, village councils, or other forms of local governance.
(9b)
(i) Increased Community Engagement: Traditional modes of participation encourage citizens to engage with their community and contribute to decision-making processes.
(ii) Cultural Relevance: Traditional modes of participation are often tailored to the specific cultural context, making them more effective and relevant to the community.
(iii) Improved Accountability: Traditional modes of participation provide a platform for citizens to hold leaders accountable for their actions.
(iv) Enhanced Social Cohesion: Traditional modes of participation promote social cohesion by bringing community members together to discuss and resolve issues.
(v) Empowerment of Local Communities: Traditional modes of participation empower local communities to take ownership of their development and make decisions that affect their lives.
(vi) Inclusive Decision-Making: Traditional modes of participation provide a platform for marginalized groups to participate in decision-making processes and have their voices heard.
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