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(1ai)
-Specimen A (Maize grains): Carbohydrates (energy)
-Specimen B (Groundnut cake): Protein
-Specimen C (Bone meal): Calcium (minerals)
(1aii)
-Specimen A (Maize grains): Energy source for growth and maintenance
-Specimen B (Groundnut cake): Protein source for growth and development
-Specimen C (Bone meal): Calcium source for bone growth and development
(1aiii)
-Specimen A (Maize grains): Sorghum
-Specimen B (Groundnut cake): Soybean meal
-Specimen C (Bone meal): Fish bone meal
(1b)
(i) Vitamins
(ii) Phosphorus
(1ci)
Protection (scales provide a protective barrier against the environment and predators)
(1cii)
(i) Used in the production of fish meal or fish oil
(ii) Used as a source of collagen for pharmaceutical or cosmetic applications
(iii) Used as a natural fertilizer or compost ingredient
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(2a)
=Active fishing gear=
– Specimen E (Hook-and-line)
– Specimen G (Cast net)
– Specimen J (Drag net)
=Passive fishing gear=
– Specimen F (Gill net)
– Specimen H (Trap)
(2b)
(i) Nylon twine
(ii) Cotton thread
(iii) Fishing line
(iv) Net repair tape
(2c)
Specimen J (Drag net) could be used for total harvesting in an earthen fish pond.
(2d)
(i) Hook-and-line is selective, targeting specific species, while Gill net is non-selective, catching various species.
(ii) Hook-and-line requires bait, while Gill net does not.
(iii) Hook-and-line is actively used, while Gill net is passively set.
(iv) Hook-and-line typically catches larger fish, while Gill net catches smaller fish.
(v) Hook-and-line has minimal environmental impact, while Gill net can cause bycatch and habitat damage.
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(3ai)
(i) Regular cleaning to prevent damage and wear
(ii) Storage in a dry place to prevent rot and decay
(iii) Periodic inspection and repair or replacement of damaged parts
(3aii)
(i) Oars
(ii) Boat propellers
(3b)
(i) Direct application to the water as fertilizer
(ii) Mixing with water to create a nutrient-rich feed supplement
(3c)
(i) Over-fertilization, leading to algal blooms and deoxygenation
(ii) Increased ammonia levels, toxic to fish
(iii) Reduced water clarity and increased turbidity
(iv) Unbalanced nutrient levels, harming aquatic life
(3d)
(i) Fish meal
(ii) Fish bone meal
(iii) Blood meal
(iv) Composted organic matter (e.g., plant waste, food scraps)
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(4a)
(i) High reproductive capacity
(ii) Fast growth rate
(iii) Disease resistance
(4b)
(4c)
(i) Smoking
(ii) Freezing
(iii) Canning
(iv) Drying
(4d)
(i) Uncertainty about their health and disease status
(ii) Potential for genetic variability and reduced quality
(iii) Risk of introducing invasive species or contaminants into fish farms
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