NECO 2026 GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS (OBJ & PRACTICAL)

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GEOGRAPHY OBJ
01-10: BCDDBBCCDE
11-20: DAAEBCCAED
21-30: EAEBEDABEA
31-40: AEDDBEBAAB
41-50: EDBABEBCEB
51-60: BBBCEEDDDD

COMPLETED
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INSTRUCTION: ANSWER QUESTION ONE(1) & ANY OTHER THREE(3) QUESTIONS ONLY

(1a)
Gradient = Vertical Interval / Horizontal Equivalent

To find the Vertical Interval (V.I):

Elevation at Gulu West = 500m

Elevation at Point X = 350m

V.I = 500m – 350m = 150m

Finding the Horizontal Equivalent (H.E):

Map distance of minor road = 9cm

Map Scale = 1:50,000

ie 1cm = 500m

H.E = 9cm × 500m = 4500m

Recall, Gradient = V.I / H.E

Gradient = 150m / 4500m

= 1/30

= 1:30

The minor road falls gently from Gulu West to Point X
   

(1b)
(i)Settlement: There are nucleated settlements such as Gulu West and Kwali.
-: Reason: This is shown by the presence of built-up areas and network of roads.

(ii)Agriculture: There is cultivation in the mapped area.
-: Reason: This is shown by the presence of scattered cultivation symbols and farmlands.

(iii)Lumbering/Forestry: There is woodland in the north western part of the map.
-: Reason: This is shown by the presence of green areas and tree symbols which indicate vegetation cover.

(1c)
RELIEF:
(i) The area is generally undulating with elevation ranging between 300m and 500m.
(ii)  There are isolated hills and steep slopes in the north western part with spot heights above 500m.
(iii)  The land slopes generally from the north west to the south east.
(iv)  The south eastern part around River Gurara is low lying and relatively flat.

DRAINAGE:
(i)  The drainage pattern is dendritic.
(ii)  The major river is River Gurara which flows in a south easterly direction.
(iii)  River Gurara has several tributaries that drain the mapped area.
(iv)  The area is well drained except the flood plains along River Gurara which are prone to flooding.
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(2a)
The solar system is the Sun and all the celestial bodies that revolve around it under the influence of its gravitational force, including the planets, their natural satellites (moons), asteroids, comets, meteoroids, and other smaller objects.

(2b)
Earth supports life and has abundant liquid water, while Venus does not support life because of its extremely high temperatures and dense carbon dioxide atmosphere.

(2ci)

(2cii)

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(3a)
(i) It is a broad, elevated area of land with a relatively flat or gently undulating surface.
(ii) It rises sharply above the surrounding lowlands.
(iii) It is often bounded by steep slopes or escarpments.
(iv) It may be dissected by rivers and valleys, forming rugged landscapes.

(3b)
(i) Agricultural Production: Plateaux often have fertile volcanic or well-drained soils suitable for farming. They support the cultivation of crops such as potatoes, maize, wheat, vegetables, and fruits, while the extensive grasslands also favour livestock rearing.
(ii) Mineral Resources and Mining: Many plateaux are rich in valuable mineral deposits such as tin, coal, gold, iron ore, and limestone. The exploitation of these minerals provides employment, generates government revenue, and supplies raw materials for industries.
(iii) Hydroelectric Power Generation: Rivers flowing from plateaux descend through steep slopes and waterfalls, creating favourable sites for the construction of dams and hydroelectric power stations. This provides electricity for homes, industries, and commercial activities.
(iv) Tourism and Recreation: The scenic landscapes, waterfalls, unique rock formations, pleasant climate, and wildlife found on many plateaux attract tourists. Tourism generates income, creates employment opportunities, and promotes the development of hotels, transportation, and other services.
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(4a)
A fault is a fracture or crack in the Earth’s crust along which rocks have been displaced or moved relative to each other as a result of tectonic forces.

(4b)

(4c)
(i) Plains provide fertile land suitable for large-scale agriculture.
(ii) They provide suitable sites for the construction of settlements and industries.
(iii) Their level surface makes the construction of roads, railways, and airports easier and less expensive.
(iv) Plains encourage grazing and livestock rearing due to the availability of extensive grasslands.
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(5a)
Given:
Height of mountain = 6000 m
Temperature at foot = 30°C
Environmental lapse rate = 1°C fall for every 165 m rise in altitude

Number of 165 m units in 6000 m
= 6000 ÷ 165
= 36.36 (approx. 36.4)

Total temperature drop
= 36.4 × 1°C
= 36.4°C
Temperature at summit = 30°C – 36.4°C
= -6.4°C

∴ The temperature at the summit of the mountain is −6.4°C

(5b)
(i) The Atmosphere is Heated from the Earth’s Surface: The Sun’s rays primarily heat the Earth’s surface, which in turn warms the air above it by conduction and radiation. As altitude increases, the air is farther away from this heat source, so the temperature decreases.
(ii) Decrease in Air Pressure with Altitude: Atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude. As air rises to higher levels, it expands due to the lower pressure. This expansion causes the air to cool, leading to a decrease in temperature.
(iii) Thinner Atmosphere at Higher Altitudes: The atmosphere becomes less dense with increasing altitude, meaning there are fewer air molecules available to absorb and retain heat. Consequently, temperatures become lower at higher elevations.
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(6ai)
Cloud cover is the amount or proportion of the sky that is covered by clouds at a particular place and time. It is usually measured in oktas (eighths of the sky) or expressed as a percentage. Cloud cover influences the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth’s surface, thereby affecting temperature, rainfall, and other weather conditions.

(6aii)
Sunshine is the duration or amount of direct solar radiation received at a place over a given period, usually measured in hours per day. It is commonly measured with a sunshine recorder (Campbell–Stokes sunshine recorder). Sunshine influences temperature, evaporation, plant growth, agriculture, and human activities.

(6aiii)
Atmospheric pressure is the force or weight exerted by the air on the Earth’s surface at a given place. It is measured with a barometer in units such as millibars (mb) or hectopascals (hPa). Variations in atmospheric pressure influence wind movement and weather conditions, including the formation of high- and low-pressure systems.

(6b)
(i) They help farmers plan planting, irrigation, and harvesting activities.
(ii) They assist in forecasting weather and predicting floods or droughts.
(iii) They provide information for the planning and management of water resources such as dams and reservoirs.
(iv) They help engineers and government agencies design drainage systems, roads, bridges, and other infrastructure.
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(7a)
(i) Expansion of agricultural activities.
(ii) Logging and indiscriminate felling of trees for timber.
(iii) Urbanization and construction of roads, industries, and settlements.
(iv) Bush burning and fuelwood collection.

(7b)
(i) Soil Erosion and Loss of Soil Fertility: Deforestation exposes the soil to the direct impact of rainfall and wind, leading to severe soil erosion and the loss of nutrient-rich topsoil. This reduces soil fertility and lowers agricultural productivity.
(ii) Loss of Biodiversity: The destruction of forests results in the loss of natural habitats for many species of plants and animals. As a result, wildlife populations decline, some species become endangered or extinct, and ecological balance is disrupted.
(iii) Climate Change and Desertification: Deforestation reduces the number of trees available to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, leading to increased greenhouse gases and global warming. It also decreases rainfall, raises temperatures, and encourages the spread of desert conditions, especially in dry regions.
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(8a)
A Geographic Information System (GIS) application is the use of computer-based technology to collect, store, process, analyze, manage, and display geographically referenced (spatial) data for planning, decision-making, and solving geographical problems. GIS is widely applied in areas such as urban planning, agriculture, environmental management, transportation, disaster management, and resource exploration.

(8b)
(i) High Cost of Equipment and Software: GIS requires expensive computers, GPS receivers, scanners, plotters, satellite imagery, and licensed software. The high cost of purchasing, installing, and maintaining these facilities makes it difficult for many government agencies, schools, and private organizations in Nigeria to adopt and use GIS effectively.
(ii) Inadequate Skilled Personnel: There is a shortage of trained GIS specialists, surveyors, cartographers, and computer experts in Nigeria. This lack of skilled manpower limits the proper collection, analysis, interpretation, and management of spatial data needed for effective decision-making.
(iii) Poor Power Supply and ICT Infrastructure: Frequent electricity failures, poor internet connectivity, and inadequate communication facilities disrupt the operation of GIS equipment and delay data processing, storage, analysis, and the sharing of geographical information.
(iv) Inadequate and Outdated Data: Effective GIS depends on accurate, reliable, and up-to-date spatial data. In Nigeria, geographical data are often incomplete, outdated, or difficult to obtain, reducing the accuracy and effectiveness of GIS in urban planning, environmental management, agriculture, and disaster management.
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