HISTORY ANSWERS
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HISTORY OBJ
01-10: CDBDEDCDEA
11-20: BBBEECECEA
21-30: BEBEABBCCC
31-40: DDACECDEBE
41-50: CECACDCECC
51-60: ECEAEBABEC
COMPLETED
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SECTION A
(1)
(i) Trade and Commerce: Establishing diplomatic ties allowed for enhanced trade and commerce between the states. This brought economic benefits to the states involved as they could exchange goods resources and services in a more organized and mutually beneficial manner.
(ii) Security and Defense: Diplomatic ties fostered a sense of unity and cooperation among the states which was essential for collective security and defense. By collaborating and forming alliances they could better protect themselves against common external threats such as raids from other states or external powers.
(iii) Cultural and Social Exchange: Diplomatic ties provided opportunities for cultural and social exchange. States could share knowledge traditions customs and technologies thereby enriching their own societies. This led to an increased understanding and respect for one another’s cultures fostering a sense of unity and shared identity.
(iv) Conflict Resolution: Diplomatic ties provided a platform for peaceful resolution of conflicts that might arise between states. By engaging in diplomatic negotiations disputes and tensions could be resolved through dialogue and compromise rather than resorting to violence and warfare. This promoted stability and prevented the escalation of conflicts.
(v) Communication and Information Exchange: Diplomatic ties facilitated the exchange of information and communication between states. This was important for keeping abreast of developments sharing news intelligence and coordinating actions which was particularly crucial in times of crisis or emergencies.
(vi) Political and Diplomatic Influence: Establishing diplomatic ties allowed states to gain political and diplomatic influence within the region. By forming alliances and maintaining cordial relations they could raise their stature and gain leverage in regional affairs. This enabled them to negotiate better terms in treaties and agreements and have a voice in regional decision-making.
(vii) Preemption of External Influence: By promoting diplomatic ties amongst themselves the various states aimed to preempt external interference or domination. This was particularly significant at a time when European powers were increasingly expanding their colonial ambitions in Africa. By presenting a united front the states could resist external pressures and maintain their sovereignty to a certain extent.
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(3)
(i) Agriculture: Agriculture formed the backbone of the Nupe economy. The kingdom was situated in a fertile region along the Niger River and benefited from favorable agricultural conditions.
(ii) Trade: The Nupe Kingdom was strategically located along important trade routes, serving as a middleman between the Saharan and West African regions. The kingdom facilitated the trade of goods such as salt, kola nuts, cotton, ivory, slaves, and other commodities.
(iii) Tribute: The Nupe Kingdom had a centralized political structure with a hierarchical system of administration. Local chiefs and rulers within the kingdom owed allegiance to the Nupe king, and they paid tribute in the form of goods, livestock, or labor.
(iv) Taxes: Nupe rulers likely imposed taxes on their subjects, including levies on land, livestock, and economic activities.
(v) Craftsmanship and Artistry: The Nupe people were known for their skilled craftsmanship and artistic traditions. They produced a wide range of goods, including pottery, textiles, woodcarvings, metalwork, and leather goods.
(vi) Tribute from Conquered Territories: The Nupe Kingdom expanded through military conquests, incorporating neighboring territories and kingdoms. Conquered regions would have paid tribute to the Nupe rulers, providing additional revenue streams.
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SECTION B
(5)
(i ) Demographic Disruption: The slave trade resulted in a significant loss of population in Nigeria. It is estimated that millions of people were captured and forcibly transported as slaves to the Americas. This large-scale forced migration created demographic instability and imbalances in various regions with some areas experiencing severe depopulation.
(ii) The slave trade during this period. Many coastal regions such as Lagos and Calabar became major trade hubs for slave auctions. European powers particularly the British established forts and trading posts in these regions manipulating local rulers to facilitate the capture and sale of slaves. This exploitation led to the extraction of Nigeria’s human capital and natural resources depriving the country of significant economic development.
(iii) Political Instability: The slave trade and its associated activities such as raiding and wars to capture slaves created political instability in Nigeria. Many kingdoms and communities engaged in conflicts with each other to gain control over territories and capture slaves. The rise of slave trading power dynasties further exacerbated these conflicts and weakened traditional political structures. This instability continued even after the abolition of the slave trade as power struggles persisted between different factions seeking to control economic resources.
(iv) Cultural Loss: The trans-Atlantic slave trade had a lasting impact on Nigerian culture. With the forced migration of millions of people many cultural practices traditions and languages were lost. The descendants of those who were captured and sold as slaves in the Americas often struggled to maintain their cultural identities and heritage resulting in a loss of cultural continuity.
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SECTION C
(8)
(i) Preamble: The Constitution begins with a Preamble that outlines the ideals and objectives of the Indian state, including justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity.
(ii) Parliamentary System: The Constitution established a parliamentary form of government, with the President as the ceremonial head of state and a Prime Minister as the head of government. The President is elected by an Electoral College, while the Prime Minister is the leader of the party or coalition with a majority in the lower house of Parliament.
(iii) Fundamental Rights: The Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to Indian citizens, such as the right to equality, freedom of speech and expression, freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and the right to constitutional remedies. These rights are enforceable by the judiciary.
(iv) Directive Principles of State Policy: The Constitution includes Directive Principles of State Policy, which provide guidelines for the government to establish a just and egalitarian society. Although not enforceable by the courts, these principles are considered fundamental in the governance of the country.
(v) Federal Structure: The Constitution establishes a federal structure with a division of powers between the central government and the states. The states have their own governments and legislatures, with powers devolved to them, while certain matters are reserved for the central government.
(vi) Independent Judiciary: The Constitution establishes an independent judiciary as one of the pillars of the Indian democracy. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial body, with the power of judicial review to ensure the constitutionality of laws and protect fundamental rights.
(vii) Universal Adult Suffrage: The Constitution grants the right to vote to all adult citizens of India, irrespective of gender, caste, or religion. This provision ensures the democratic participation of all citizens in the electoral process.
(viii) Reservations and Protective Discrimination: The Constitution includes provisions for affirmative action and reservations to promote the social and educational advancement of historically disadvantaged groups, such as Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes.
(ix) Emergency Provisions: The Constitution contains provisions for the declaration of emergencies in times of war, external aggression, or internal disturbances. It empowers the central government with extraordinary powers during such periods.
(x) Amendment Procedure: The Constitution provides a detailed procedure for amending its provisions. Amendments can be made by a special majority of the Parliament or through ratification by the states, depending on the nature of the amendment.
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