WAEC 2026 GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS (OBJ & ESSAY)

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GEOGRAPHY OBJ
01-10: BCBDDBDCAC
11-20: CDDABDCBCB
21-30: DBBBDABDCB
31-40: ADDBADCBAB
41-50: DCBCDCBDCB

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SECTION A: ANSWER TWO(2) QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION

(1a)
A favourable balance of trade occurs when the value of a country’s exports is greater than the value of its imports within a given period.

(1b)
(i) Poor transport network: Inadequate roads, railways, and shipping facilities make movement of goods difficult and expensive.
(ii) Political instability: Civil wars, coups, and insecurity discourage trade and disrupt economic activities.
(iii) Trade restrictions: High tariffs, import/export bans, and customs delays reduce the volume of trade between countries.
(iv) Inadequate industrial production: Many countries produce similar primary goods, leading to low export diversity and limited trade exchange.
(v) Poor storage and preservation facilities: Lack of refrigeration and storage leads to wastage of goods, reducing trade volume.

(1c)
(i) Increase in foreign exchange earnings: Export surplus brings in more foreign currency for national development.
(ii) Economic growth and development: Increased exports boost production and national income.
(iii) Improved standard of living: Higher revenue allows government to provide better infrastructure and services.
(iv) Strengthening of currency value: A favourable trade balance helps to stabilize and strengthen the local currency.
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(2a)
(i) Market for agricultural produce: Rural areas depend on urban centres to buy their farm products such as food crops and raw materials.
(ii) Supply of manufactured goods: Rural settlements rely on towns for goods like tools, clothing, machines, and processed foods.
(iii) Employment opportunities: Many rural dwellers depend on urban areas for jobs in industries, construction, and services.
(iv) Access to social services: Urban centres provide better hospitals, schools, and administrative services which rural people depend on.
(v) Transport and communication services: Rural areas depend on urban centres for improved transport networks, postal services, and telecommunications.

(2b)
(i) Low population density: Rural settlements have few people spread over large areas.
(ii) Primary economic activities: Most inhabitants are engaged in farming, fishing, and forestry.
(iii) Simple housing structures: Houses are often made of local materials like mud, thatch, or wood.
(iv) Poor infrastructure: There is usually inadequate access to good roads, electricity, pipe-borne water, and healthcare facilities.
(v) Strong community ties: People in rural areas often have close social relationships and share communal lifestyles.
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(3a)
Forced migration is the involuntary movement of people from their place of origin to another place due to factors beyond their control, such as war, persecution, natural disasters, or famine.

(3b)
(i) Language barrier: Migrants may find it difficult to communicate in the host country’s language, limiting access to jobs, education, and social services.
(ii) Racial discrimination and xenophobia: Migrants may experience prejudice, hostility, and unequal treatment because of their nationality, race, or ethnic background.
(iii) Unemployment and underemployment: Many migrants are unable to secure jobs that match their qualifications and may be forced to take low-paying jobs.
(iv) Legal and immigration challenges: Obtaining residence permits, work permits, or citizenship may be difficult, causing insecurity and fear of deportation.

(3c)
(i) Provision of labour: Migrants provide labour for agriculture, industries, mining, construction, and other economic activities, increasing productivity.
(ii) Transfer of skills and knowledge: Skilled migrants introduce new ideas, technologies, and expertise that improve production and services.
(iii) Population growth: Migration increases the population of destination regions, providing a larger workforce and market for goods and services.
(iv) Promotion of cultural exchange: Migrants bring different languages, customs, and traditions, enriching the cultural life of the destination area.
(v) Increase in government revenue: Migrants contribute through taxes, levies, and other payments, which can be used for development projects and public services.
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SECTION B: ANSWER TWO(2) QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION

 

(4a)

(4b)
(i) Small-scale production: Local craft industries are usually operated on a small scale using simple tools and limited capital.
(ii) Use of local materials: Raw materials are sourced locally, such as wood, clay, leather, raffia, and beads.
(iii) Labour-intensive methods: Production depends mainly on human effort rather than machines.
(iv) Family-based or apprenticeship system: Skills are often passed from master craftsmen to apprentices or within families.

(4c)
(i) Employment creation : They provide jobs for artisans and reduce unemployment.
(ii) Income generation: Craftsmen earn income from the sale of their products.
(iii) Foreign exchange earnings: Some craft products are exported, earning foreign currency.
(iv) Promotion of tourism and trade: Local crafts attract tourists and boost commercial activities.
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(5a)
Plantation agriculture is a system of commercial farming in which a single cash crop is grown extensively on a large area of land, usually in the tropical regions, mainly for export purposes.

(5b)
(I) Large-scale farming: It is carried out on extensive areas of land.
(ii) Monoculture system: Only one major cash crop is grown, such as cocoa, rubber, or oil palm.
(iii) Capital intensive: It requires heavy investment in machinery, labour, and inputs.
(iv) Export-oriented production: Most plantation crops are grown for sale in foreign markets.
(v) Use of hired labour: Plantation farms depend largely on paid workers rather than family labour.
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(6a)

(6b)
(i) Housing shortage and overcrowding: Rapid population growth leads to inadequate housing, resulting in slums and congested living conditions.
(ii) Unemployment: The number of job seekers exceeds available employment opportunities, increasing joblessness.
(iii) Traffic congestion: Increased population leads to heavy road usage, causing traffic jams and delays.
(iv) Pressure on social amenities: Facilities such as water supply, electricity, schools, and hospitals become overstretched.
(v) Environmental pollution: Increased population results in waste generation, air pollution, and poor sanitation conditions.

(6c)
(i) Rural-urban migration: Many young people move to cities in search of better jobs, education, and living conditions.
(ii) Poor infrastructure and services: Lack of good roads, electricity, healthcare, and schools discourages people from staying in rural areas.
(iii) Low employment opportunities: Limited job opportunities outside agriculture lead to migration to urban centres for better income.
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