WAEC 2026 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE ANSWERS (OBJ & ESSAY)

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AGRICULTURE OBJ
01-10: DBCBCCCCAB
11-20: ADDABDCADC
21-30: AACCDBCACB
31-40: DCDDCBBDAB
41-50: DCCABCCCBC

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INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER FIVE(5) QUESTIONS ONLY

(1ai)
(i) Causes shortage of farm labour.
(ii) Increases cost of hiring workers.
(iii) Leads to abandonment of farms.

(1aii)
(i) Reduces crop yield.
(ii) Lowers quality of produce.
(iii) Delays farm operations.

(1aiii)
(i) Causes post-harvest losses.
(ii) Forces low-price sales.
(iii) Reduces farmers’ income.

(1b)
Farm tools are simple agricultural implements that are usually hand-operated and require human effort to function while Farm machinery refers to complex agricultural equipment that is usually engine-powered or mechanically operated.

(1c)
(i) Clearing land.
(ii) Leveling ground.
(iii) Constructing farm roads.
(iv) Moving soil/earth.

(1d)
(i) Spanner
(ii) Screwdriver
(iii) Grease gun
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(2ai)
Horizon A;
Topsoil; dark in colour; rich in humus and organic matter; supports plant growth and most biological activity

(2aii)
Horizon B;
Subsoil; lighter in colour; contains minerals leached from horizon A; less organic matter; some plant roots reach here

(2aiii)
Horizon C;
Partially weathered parent rock; little organic matter; few roots penetrate; transitional layer

(2aiv)
Horizon D; Unweathered/bedrock; no organic matter; no biological activity; base of soil profile

(2b)
Fill the table using under:

| Sedimentary |
-Limestone
-Dolomite
-Coal

| Metamorphic |
-Marble
-Slate
— —

| Igneous |
-Gabbro
— —

(2c)
(i)High temperature increases rate of evapotranspiration, causing water stress in plants
(ii)Low temperature slows plant growth and metabolic processes
(iii)Extreme heat destroys crops and reduces yield
(iv)Temperature influences pest and disease distribution affecting crop health
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(3a)
(i) Alley cropping; Growing food crops in alleys/rows between planted hedgerow trees (e.g. Leucaena); trees provide mulch, improve soil fertility
(ii) Ley farming; Alternating arable cropping with grass/legume pasture on same land to restore soil fertility
(iii)Taungya system; Growing food crops between young forest/timber tree seedlings; farmers tend the trees while growing their crops

(3b)
(i)To improve and maintain soil fertility
(ii)To reduce soil erosion by tree cover
(iii)To provide shade for shade-loving crops
(iv)To provide additional income from timber/fruits
(v)To conserve moisture in the soil

(3ci)
Water cycle; Water evaporates from oceans/rivers/lakes → rises as water vapour → cools and condenses to form clouds → falls as precipitation (rain/snow) → runs off into rivers or infiltrates soil → returns to oceans, and the cycle repeats.

(3cii)
(i)Capillary water
(ii)Gravitational water
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(4ai)
Soil requirement:
Well-drained, loamy, fertile soil rich in organic matter; slightly acidic pH of 5.5–6.5

(4aii)
Land preparation:
Land is cleared, ploughed/tilled deeply and harrowed to fine tilth; ridges or mounds are made; organic manure is incorporated

(4aiii)
Planting material:
Fresh, healthy rhizomes (setts) with at least one viable bud

(4aiv)
Spacing: 30 cm × 30 cm or 25 cm × 30 cm between plants and rows

(4aiv)
Method of harvesting: Uprooting/digging with hoe or fork when leaves turn yellow and die back (about 8–10 months after planting)

(4avi)
(i)Sun-drying/dehydration into dry ginger
(ii)Grinding into ginger powder/spice

(4bi)
Area of farmland
Area of rectangle = 46 m × 30 m = 1380 m²
Area of triangle = ½ × (60 − 46) × 30
= ½ × 14 × 30
= 210 m²
Total area = 1380m² + 210m²
= 1,590m²

(4bii)
Spacing = 30 cm × 30 cm
= 0.3 m × 0.3 m
Area occupied per stand
= 0.3 × 0.3
= 0.09 m²
Number of maize stands
= 1590 ÷ 0.09
= 17,667 stands

Since 2 seeds are sown per hole:
2 × 17,667 = 35,333 maize stands

(4c)
(i)Earthworms
(ii)Bacteria
(iii)Fungi
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(5ai)
Crop:
(i)Temporarily stores/softens food before digestion
(ii)Moistens food with fluid to begin breakdown

(5aii)
Gizzard:
(i)Grinds and crushes food into smaller particles using grit
(ii)Mixes food thoroughly to aid digestion

(5aiii)
Small intestine:
(i)Digests food using enzymes and bile
(ii)Absorbs digested nutrients into the bloodstream

(5aiv)
Large intestine:
(i)Absorbs water from undigested food
(ii)Passes waste/faeces out through the cloaca

(5bi)
ration is the total amount of feed given to an animal in a 24-hour period to meet its nutritional requirements for maintenance, growth, production and reproduction.

(5bii)
(i)High in fibre/cellulose content
(ii)Low in digestible nutrients/energy
(iii)High bulk/volume but low weight
(iv)Low in protein content

(5c)
(i)Making ropes and cordage
(ii)Weaving of mats, baskets and bags
(iii)Production of textiles/clothing fabric
(iv)Making paper and paperboard
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(6ai)
(i)Sorting and grading the oranges by size and quality
(ii)Washing and cleaning the fruits to remove dirt
(iii)Packaging/boxing the oranges for transportation
(iv)Storing in cool/cold storage to preserve freshness

(6aii)
(i)Constructing and maintaining good roads to farming communities
(ii)Providing subsidized transport for moving produce to markets
(iii)Establishing marketing boards to purchase and distribute produce
(iv)Setting up cold storage/preservation facilities along distribution routes
(v)Granting loans/subsidies to traders and distributors

(6b)
(i)Insufficient number of extension officers relative to farmers
(ii)Poor/bad road network making farms inaccessible
(iii)Lack of transport/vehicles for extension officers
(iv)Inadequate funding for field operations
(v)Large distances between farms and extension offices

(6c)
(i) Cattle: Taenia saginata
(ii) Pig: Taenia solium

(6d)
(i)Regular deworming of pigs with anticlimactic drugs
(ii)Maintaining proper sanitation proper disposal of pig faeces to prevent pigs from eating contaminated material
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