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SECTION A; ANSWER ONE(1) QUESTION FROM THIS SECTION
(1)
In the play “Let Me Die Alone” by John K. Kargbo, the deaths of Gbanya and Yoko are accounted for as follows :
(i) Gbanya’s death: Gbanya, the chief of Senehun, is poisoned by Lamboi and Musa, two members of his administration, due to their fear of losing power and influence. This occurs during the visit of the colonial Governor, Dr. Rowe, who humiliates Gbanya, leading to his eventual murder.
(ii) Yoko’s death: Yoko, the chief of the Mende people and Gbanya’s wife, faces immense pressure and humiliation from the colonial authorities, led by Dr. Rowe. She is falsely accused of kidnapping and killing Jeneba, her daughter, and eventually loses control of most of her villages. Overwhelmed by grief, depression, and the loss of her people’s trust, Yoko poisons herself, ending her life in despair.
These tragic events unfold as a result of the play’s exploration of themes such as colonialism, power struggles, and the erosion of traditional authority.
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(3)
Here are three instances of irony in Wole Soyinka’s play “The Lion and the Jewel”:
(i) Verbal irony – Baroka’s self-proclaimed lionhood;
Baroka, the aging Bale, refers to himself as a “lion”, boasting of his strength and virility. However, his actions and behavior reveal a more cunning and manipulative individual, highlighting the disconnect between his words and reality.
(ii) Situational irony – Sidi’s innocence and naivety;
Sidi, the young village girl, is initially oblivious to Baroka’s true intentions and sees him as a heroic figure. This naivety is an example of situational irony, as the audience is aware of Baroka’s manipulative nature, making Sidi’s innocence and trust in him poignantly ironic.
(iii) Dramatic irony – The villagers’ misunderstanding of modernity;
The villagers in the play view modernity and Western influence as a threat to their traditional way of life, yet they are fascinated by the photographer’s camera and see it as a symbol of power. This misunderstanding is an example of dramatic irony, as the audience knows that the photographer’s camera is merely a tool, not a symbol of power or modernity.
These instances of irony in the play serve to Highlight the characters’ flaws and contradictions, Contrast appearance and reality, Create tension and humor, Critique societal norms and cultural clashes, Engage the audience and encourage critical thinking.
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SECTION B; ANSWER ONE(1) QUESTION FROM THIS SECTION
(5)
John Osborne’s play “Look Back in Anger” employs sarcasm as a vital tool to convey the protagonist Jimmy Porter’s angst, frustration, and disillusionment with the societal norms and those around him. Sarcasm is used to:
(i) Express anger and frustration: Jimmy’s sarcastic remarks are a manifestation of his inner turmoil, directed towards his wife Alison, friend Cliff, and the world at large.
(ii) Critique societal norms: Jimmy’s sarcasm targets the hypocrisies and conventions of post-war Britain, such as the decline of religion, class distinctions, and the stifling of individual freedom.
(iii) Highlight relationships dynamics: Sarcasm is used to expose the tensions and power struggles within the characters’ relationships, particularly between Jimmy and Alison.
(iv) Show Jimmy’s vulnerability: Beneath his sarcastic exterior, Jimmy’s vulnerability and sensitivity are revealed, making him a more complex and relatable character.
(v) Create dramatic tension: Sarcasm adds to the play’s emotional intensity, as the audience is aware of the hurt and anger beneath Jimmy’s biting remarks.
Osborne’s use of sarcasm in “Look Back in Anger” masterfully captures the mood and sentiment of a generation, making the play a landmark of British theatre.
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(7)
Friday, a character in August Wilson’s play “Fences”, is a friend of the main character Troy Maxson. Friday’s importance in the play can be seen in the following ways:
(i) Friendship: Friday represents a connection to Troy’s past and a sense of camaraderie, providing a contrast to Troy’s often fraught relationships with his family.
(ii) Escape from reality: Friday’s visits and conversations with Troy offer a temporary escape from the tensions and responsibilities of his personal life.
(iii) Comic relief: Friday’s character brings some comic moments to the play, lightening the mood and highlighting the human side of Troy.
(iv) Support and loyalty: Friday remains a loyal friend to Troy, despite Troy’s flaws and mistakes, demonstrating a deep understanding and acceptance of Troy’s complexities.
(v) Contrast to Troy’s family relationships: Friday’s easygoing and accepting nature serves as a contrast to the more complicated and tense relationships Troy has with his wife Rose and son Cory.
Friday’s presence in the play adds depth and nuance to the exploration of Troy’s character and the themes of the play, making him a significant supporting character.
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SECTION C; ANSWER ONE(1) QUESTION FROM THIS SECTION
(10)
In the story “The Leader and the Led”, the animals reject the following leadership qualities:
(i) Autocratic rule: The leader’s dictatorial and oppressive approach to leadership is rejected by the animals, who value freedom and autonomy.
(ii) Selfishness: The leader’s focus on personal gain and power is seen as selfish and exploitative, leading to resentment among the animals.
(iii) Lack of empathy: The leader’s inability to understand and relate to the needs and struggles of the animals leads to a sense of disconnection and mistrust.
(iv) Abuse of power: The leader’s use of force and coercion to maintain control is rejected by the animals, who desire a more collaborative and inclusive approach to leadership.
(v) Disregard for the well-being of others: The leader’s neglect of the animals’ welfare and interests is seen as unacceptable, highlighting the importance of a leader’s responsibility to prioritize the well-being of their followers.
The animals’ rejection of these leadership qualities serves as a commentary on the importance of inclusive, empathetic, and servant leadership, where the leader prioritizes the needs and well-being of their followers.
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SECTION D; ANSWER ONE(1) QUESTION FROM THIS SECTION
(11)
The poet’s attitude towards bats in the poem “Bat” is complex and open to interpretation. However, some possible insights into the poet’s attitude include:
(i) Fascination: The poet seems fascinated by the bat’s unique characteristics, such as its nocturnal habits, echolocation, and ability to fly.
(ii) Respect: The poet may have a sense of respect for the bat’s adaptability and resilience, as well as its ability to thrive in the dark.
(iii) Empathy: The poet might be empathizing with the bat’s status as a creature often feared and misunderstood, highlighting the bat’s vulnerability and humanity.
(iv) Symbolism: The poet could be using the bat as a symbol for something else, like intuition, creativity, or the unknown, indicating a deeper appreciation for the bat’s significance.
(v) Neutral observation: The poet might simply be observing the bat with a neutral, scientific eye, without expressing a clear attitude or emotion.
Overall, the poet’s attitude towards bats is likely a mix of these perspectives, inviting the reader to consider their own relationship with these creatures and the natural world.
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(12)
The suffering of the travelers in “The Journey of the Magi” by T.S. Eliot is a significant aspect of the poem. The Magi, who are traveling to Bethlehem to pay homage to the newborn Jesus, face various forms of suffering, including:
(i) Physical hardship: They endure a grueling journey, traversing treacherous terrain, and braving harsh weather conditions.
(ii) Spiritual doubt: They question the purpose of their journey and the significance of the star they follow.
(iii) Cultural dislocation: They are outsiders in a foreign land, struggling to understand the local customs and language.
(iv) Emotional exhaustion: They are worn down by the demands of their journey, feeling drained and depleted.
(v) Existential crisis: They grapple with the meaning of their own lives and the nature of reality, as they confront the birth of a new era.
Through their suffering, Eliot explores themes of faith, doubt, and transformation, highlighting the challenges and uncertainties of spiritual seeking. The Magi’s struggles serve as a metaphor for the human condition, underscoring the difficulties and mysteries of life’s journey.
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