WAEC 2024 HEALTH SCIENCE PRACTICAL ANSWERS

(1a)
Physical examination or check-up.

(1b)
(i) Helps identify risk factors for certain conditions
(ii) Monitors progress and response to treatment
(iii) Provides an opportunity for patient education and counseling
(iv) Enhances patient-centered care

(1c)
(i) May cause discomfort or pain (e.g., palpation or manipulation)
(ii) Requires adequate patient preparation and positioning
(iii) Can be influenced by patient factors (e.g., anxiety, cultural background)

(1d)
(i) Specialized care Services
(ii) Preventive care Services

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(2a)
A: Femur (thigh bone)
B: Humerus (upper arm bone)

(2b)
scapula (shoulder blade).

(2c)
(i) X: Hip joint (for the femur)
(ii) Y: Knee joint (for the femur)

(2d)
(i) Kyphosis: An excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back.
(ii) Lordosis: An excessive inward curvature of the spine, often referred to as swayback.

(2e)
(i) Fractures: Breaks or crack in the bone
(ii) Dislocations: Bones forced out of their normal position at a joint.

(2f)
Calcium

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(3a)
(i) Graph B: after exercise

(ii) Graph A: before exercise

(3b)
The phenomenon in Graph B is hyperventilation. This occurs when there’s an increased rate and depth of breathing, often after strenuous exercise, which leads to a decrease in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood.

(3c)
(i) Trachea (windpipe)
(ii) Diaphragm
(iii) Bronchi

(3d)
Residual air refers to the volume of air still remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation. This air cannot be expelled from the lungs, it helps keep them inflated and prevents them from collapsing.

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(4a)
TABULATE PLEASE

=PROTEINS=
Fish (C)

=CARBOHYDRATES=
Cassava (B)

=FATS AND OIL=
Butter (A)

=VITAMINS=
Fruits (D)

(4b)
– Protein: Builds and repairs muscles and tissues
– Carbohydrate: Provides energy for the brain and nervous system
– Fats and oil: Helps absorb vitamins and maintains healthy skin and hair
– Vitamins: Regulates metabolism and energy production (e.g. Vitamin B12)

(4c)
(i) Neurolathyrism
(ii) Scurvy

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(5ai)
Reproductive system

(5ail)
A – Sperm
B – Egg (Ovum)

(5aiii)
A – Male
B – Female

(5bi)
Fertilization

(5bii)
Female

(5biii)
Fallopian tube

(5c)
Fertilization is the process where a male sperm cell combines with a female egg cell (ovum) to form a single cell called a zygote. This usually occurs in the fallopian tube of the female.

(5d)
[PICK ANY THREE(3)]
(i)Zygote formation
(ii)Cleavage
(iii)Morula formation
(iv)Blastulation
(v)Gastrulation
(vi)Embryogenesis
(vii)Organogenesis

(5e)
B gamates

(5fi)
Meiosis

(5fii)
Mitosis

(5g)
[PICK ANY THREE(3)]
(i)Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
(ii)Follicle Stimulating (Iii)Hormones (FSH)
(iv)Testosterone(T)
(v)Estrogen (E2)
(vi)Progesterone (P4)

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(6ai)
(i)influenza
(ii) strep throat
(iii) mononucleosis

(6aii)
(i)presence of rash, fever.
(ii)presence swollen lymph nodes.

(6b)
(i)If assuming influenza, the pathogen would be the influenza virus.
(ii)For strep throat, it would be Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus).

(6c)
(i)coughing
(ii)headache
(iii)body aches.

(6di)
An appropriate therapy might be antiviral medications for influenza or antibiotics for bacterial infections like strep throat.

(6dii)
(i)If the therapy is antiviral medications, constituents might include oseltamivir or zanamivir.
(ii)If antibiotics, constituents could be penicillin or amoxicillin.

(6e)
(i)Encouraging vaccination if available.
(ii)Promoting frequent hand washing and hygiene.
(iii)Implementing stay-at-home policies for sick students.
(iv)Regular cleaning and disinfection of surfaces.

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