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GEOGRAPHY OBJ
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21-30: BCABAAACAD
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41-50: CBADABBDBB
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(1a)
Primary industries involve extracting or harvesting natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, and fishing WHILE Secondary industries involve processing and manufacturing raw materials into finished goods, such as textiles, steel, and electronics.
(1b)
(PICK ANY 4)
(i) Lower capital requirements
(ii) Less complex technology
(iii) More labor-intensive, creating employment opportunities
(iv) Faster production and distribution cycles
(v) Greater flexibility in production and product mix
(iv) Easier adaptation to local resources and market conditions
(1c)
(PICK ANY 4)
(i) Creation of employment opportunities
(ii) Increased productivity and efficiency
(iii) Diversification of the economy
(iv) Generation of foreign exchange earnings through exports
(v) Development of infrastructure and transportation networks
(vi) Stimulation of economic growth and GDP increase
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(2a)
(i)Rural-urban migration
(ii)Urban-rural migration
(iii)International migration
(iv)Internal migration
(2b)
(i) Political instability and conflict
(ii) Economic factors such as poverty and unemployment
(iii) Environmental factors like drought, famine, and natural disasters
(iv) Social factors like family reunification and education opportunities
(v) Development projects like dam construction and urbanization
(2c)
(i) Strain on infrastructure and resources (e.g., housing, water, healthcare)
(ii) Cultural and social changes (e.g., diversity, assimilation, conflict)
(iii) Economic impacts (e.g., labor market changes, new economic opportunities, increased cost of living)
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(3a)
Birth rate is the number of live births per 1,000 people in a population over a given period, usually a year.
(3b)
(i) Cultural and social factors (e.g., large family size is often valued)
(ii) Economic factors (e.g., children are seen as a source of labor and support)
(iii) Access to education and family planning resources (e.g., birth control, healthcare)
(3c)
(i) Increased labor force and economic growth potential
(ii) Young population with a high proportion of working-age individuals
(iii) Potential for increased innovation and entrepreneurship
(3d)
(i) Strain on resources (e.g., food, water, housing, healthcare)
(ii) Environmental degradation (e.g., deforestation, pollution)
(iii) Increased poverty and unemployment
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(4a)
(4b)
(i) Poor road infrastructure: inadequate maintenance, potholes, and lack of drainage
(ii) Inadequate public transportation: limited bus and train services, overcrowding, and unreliability
(iii) Traffic congestion: heavy traffic, accidents, and gridlocks in urban areas
(iv) Security challenges: armed robbery, kidnapping, and vandalism of vehicles and infrastructure
(4c)
(i) Facilitates trade and commerce: enables the movement of goods and services, stimulating economic activity and growth
(ii) Supports industrial development: transportation infrastructure enables the movement of raw materials and finished goods, supporting industrial production and economic diversification
(iii) Creates employment opportunities: transportation sector provides jobs in driving, logistics, and maintenance, contributing to employment and economic growth
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(5a)
(i) Natural Resources:
Nigeria’s abundant natural resources, such as oil, gas, and agricultural products, dictate production capabilities
(ii) Climate and Geography:
Diverse climate zones determine suitable crops and agricultural activities, with different regions supporting different types of production.
(iii) Labor Force and Skills:
The availability and skill levels of the labor force impact production efficiency and the types of industries that can thrive.
(iv) Technological Advancements:
The level of available technology affects productivity and product quality across various sectors.
(v) Government Policies and Regulations:
Supportive or restrictive policies influence industrial growth, investment, and the range of producible goods.
(5b)
(i) Infrastructure Deficiencies:
Poor roads, railways, ports, and power supply increase trade costs and reduce efficiency.
(ii) Bureaucracy and Corruption:
Complex processes and widespread corruption delay business operations and increase transaction costs.
(iii) Inconsistent Policies and Regulations:
Frequent changes in policies create uncertainty and disrupt trade flows.
(iv) Security Concerns:
Insecurity from terrorism and insurgency disrupts transportation and supply chains, deterring trade.
(v) Access to Finance:
Limited financial access and high loan costs restrict businesses’ ability to engage in trade.
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(6a)
(6b)
(i) Agricultural productivity: Highlands in Nigeria provide suitable terrain for agriculture, supporting crops like coffee, tea, and cocoa, which are significant contributors to the country’s economy.
(ii) Water resources: Highlands are often the source of rivers and streams, providing water for irrigation, drinking, and hydroelectric power generation.
(iii) Tourism and recreation: Nigeria’s highlands offer scenic landscapes, cool climates, and opportunities for hiking, trekking, and other outdoor activities, attracting tourists and supporting local economies.
(6c)
(i) Difficulty in transportation and communication: Highlands can make it challenging to build roads, bridges, and other infrastructure, limiting access to remote areas and hindering economic development.
(ii) Soil erosion and landslides: Steep slopes and heavy rainfall in highlands can lead to soil erosion and landslides, causing environmental degradation and loss of fertile land.
(iii) Limited accessibility to healthcare and education: Remote highland communities often have limited access to healthcare facilities, schools, and other essential services, hindering human development and well-being.
(iv) Conflict over land use: Highlands may be subject to competing interests for land use, such as agriculture, conservation, and mining, leading to conflicts between local communities, governments, and investors.
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