NECO 2026 BIOLOGY ANSWERS (ALT. PRACTICAL)

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(1ai)
A – Pelvic girdle of rabbit/small mammal
B – Cervical vertebrae of rabbit/small mammal
C – Caudal vertebrae of rabbit/small mammal
D – Transverse section of paw-paw fruit
E – Transverse section of guava fruit

(1aii)
A – Located in the pelvic or hip region of the body.
B – Found in the neck region of the vertebral column.
C – Located in the tail region of the vertebral column.

(1aiii)
(i) Ilium
(ii) Ischium
(iii) Pubis

(1aiv)
[TABULATE PLEASE]

=UNDER CERVICAL VERTEBRA (B)=
(i) Has a large/wide neural canal.
(ii) Possesses a large vertebral canal.

=UNDER CAUDAL VERTEBRA (C)=
(i) Has a small/narrow neural canal.
(ii) Vertebral canal is very small or absent.

(1av)
(i) It supports and allows movement of the head/skull.
(ii) It protects the spinal cord passing through the neural canal.

(1bi)
-D (Paw-paw fruit): Parietal placentation
-E (Guava fruit): Axile placentation

(1bii)
-D (Paw-paw): The seeds are attached to the inner wall of the ovary/fruit.
-E (Guava): The seeds are attached to a central axis within the ovary.

(1c)

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(2ai)
F – Quill feather
G – Agama lizard
H – Rat/Rabbit
I – Quadrat
J – Sweeping net

(2aii)
(i) It aids in flight.
(ii) It helps to maintain body temperature by providing insulation.
(iii) It gives the bird its streamlined shape for reducing air resistance.

(2aiii)
(i) Rough/scaly skin to prevent water loss in dry/terrestrial habitat.
(ii) Clawed toes for gripping surfaces/climbing rocks and trees.
(iii) Camouflage coloration to blend with surroundings for protection from predators.

(2aiv)
-G (Agama lizard) — Class Reptilia
-H (Rat/Rabbit) — Class Mammalia

(2av)
[TABULATE PLEASE]

=Under Agama lizard (G)=
(i) Body covered with dry scales.
(ii) Has no external ear/pinna.

=Under Rat/Rabbit (H)=
(i) Body covered with fur or hair.
(ii) Has external ear/pinna.

(2avi)
(i) Both possess four limbs for locomotion.
(ii) Both possess tails.
(iii) Both are terrestrial vertebrates.

(2bi)
I (Quadrat) — Used to estimate the population/abundance of organisms in a given habitat
J (Sweeping net) — Used to collect/catch small flying insects or organisms in vegetation.

(2bii)
(i) Throw or place the quadrat randomly within the study area.
(ii) Count all the organisms found within the boundaries of the quadrat.
(iii) Repeat the procedure at several points and calculate the average population or distribution of the organisms.
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(3ai)
K: Housefly
L: Pride of Barbados fruit/pod
M: Cashew nut
N: Millipede
O: Crab
P: Sorghum grain

(3aii)
(i) It has a proboscis/sponging mouthpart for sucking liquid food.
(ii) It secretes saliva containing digestive enzymes to liquefy solid food before ingestion.
(iii) It has sticky pads (pulvilli) on its feet to enable it to land on food surfaces.

(3aiii)
Housefly transmits disease-causing organisms such as those responsible for cholera, typhoid and dysentery.

(3bi)
-K (Housefly): Class Insecta
-N (Millipede): Class Diplopoda
-O (Crab): Class Crustacea

(3bii)
-K (Housefly): Terrestrial habitats, especially around houses, refuse dumps and decaying matter.
-N (Millipede): Terrestrial habitat, found in damp and dark places such as under logs, stones and leaf litter.
-O (Crab): Aquatic habitats such as rivers, streams, ponds, lagoons and seashores.

(3ci)
-L (Pride of Barbados pod): Legume/pod (dry dehiscent fruit)
-M (Cashew nut): Nut (dry indehiscent fruit)
-P (Sorghum grain): Caryopsis/grain (dry indehiscent fruit)

(3cii)
L (Pride of Barbados fruit/pod): Explosive (self-dispersal).
M (Cashew nut): Animal dispersal.

(3ciii)
[TABULATE PLEASE]

=Under N (Millipede)=
(i) Has many body segments with two pairs of legs per segment.
(ii) Body is elongated/cylindrical

=Under O (Crab)=
(i) Has fewer body segments with one pair of legs per segment (five pairs total)
(ii) Body is broad/flattened with a hard carapace
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