NABTEB GCE 2025 INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ANSWERS (OBJ & ESSAY – TYPE B)

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INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING CONSTRUCTION OBJ (TYPE B)
01-10: CCBABCCAAA
11-20: BCBDAADACD
21-30: AABABCAABA
31-40: ACADDBACCA

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MOTOR VEHICLE ANSWERS (TYPE B)

ANSWER FIVE(5) QUESTIONS ONLY

(1a)
(Draw the diagram)

During the induction stroke of a C.I. engine, the inlet valve opens while the piston moves downward, drawing only fresh air into the combustion chamber. The exhaust valve remains closed, and no fuel is injected at this stage.

(1bi)
An air lock is a condition in a fuel or cooling system where trapped air prevents the normal flow of liquid, causing a malfunction or interruption of operation.

(1bii)
An air lock can be corrected by bleeding the system, releasing the trapped air through bleed screws, loosening connecting lines, or manually priming the pump until fuel or coolant flows smoothly without air bubbles.
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(2a)
(i) Better heat dissipation, reducing brake fade.
(ii) Provides stronger and more consistent braking.
(iii) Self-cleaning action in wet or muddy conditions.
(iv) Requires less maintenance and is easier to inspect.

(2b)
(i) Converts hydraulic pressure into mechanical force to push the brake shoes outward.
(ii) Ensures equal and smooth shoe movement for effective braking.

(2c)
(i) Pump and hold the brake pedal to build pressure.
(ii) Open the bleed screw to release air, then close it before repeating.
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(3a)
(Draw the diagram)

(i) Intake stroke: the piston moves downward and the intake valve opens allowing the air-fuel mixture to enter the cylinder.
(ii) Compression stroke: the piston moves upward with both valves closed compressing the air-fuel mixture into a smaller volume.
(iii) Power stroke: the spark plug ignites the compressed mixture causing combustion and forcing the piston downward to produce power.
(iv) Exhaust stroke: the piston moves upward again with the exhaust valve open pushing the burnt gases out of the cylinder.
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(4a)
(Draw the diagram)

A leading and trailing shoe assembly uses two brake shoes inside a drum where the leading shoe is pushed in the direction of drum rotation and provides stronger braking, while the trailing shoe moves against the rotation and produces slightly less braking force.

(4b)
(Draw the diagram)

When the vehicle moves in reverse, the drum rotates in the opposite direction, causing the shoe at the rear, now acting as the leading shoe, to be pulled into the drum surface and generate most of the braking force, while the front shoe becomes the trailing shoe and provides less braking effect.
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(5a)
Pressure limiting valve: Controls and prevents the lubrication system from exceeding the maximum oil pressure by diverting excess oil back to the sump.

(5b)
Safety valve in the full flow filter: Protects the engine by allowing unfiltered oil to bypass the filter element when it becomes clogged to ensure continuous lubrication.

(5c)
Delivery valve: Maintains pressure in the fuel injection line and prevents fuel from flowing back into the pump after each delivery stroke.

(5d)
Injector nozzle: Atomizes and sprays fuel into the combustion chamber in a fine mist for efficient mixing with air and proper combustion.

(5e)
Condenser: Stores electrical energy and reduces arcing at the contact points in the ignition system to ensure a strong spark.

(5f)
Spark plug: Produces the spark that ignites the compressed air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber of a spark ignition engine.
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(6a)
Viscosity: The measure of a fluid’s internal resistance to flow, indicating how thick or sticky the fluid is and how easily its layers move over one another.

(6b)
Fluidity: The measure of how easily a fluid flows, representing the opposite of viscosity and showing how readily the particles of the fluid can move past each other.

(6c)
Volatility: The tendency of a substance to vaporize easily, describing how quickly a liquid changes into a gas when exposed to air or heat.

(6d)
Inlet valve lag: The delay between the moment the piston starts its suction stroke and the moment the inlet valve actually begins to open due to mechanical inertia and valve-operating mechanisms.

(6e)
Calibration: The process of adjusting and verifying an instrument or device so that its measurements are accurate and conform to a recognized standard.

(6f)
Dwell angle: The angular distance on the distributor cam during which the contact breaker points remain closed, allowing the ignition coil to build up the magnetic field needed for a strong spark.
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(7a)
(i) Wear protective gloves, goggles, and acid-resistant clothing when handling sulphuric acid.
(ii) Pour acid into water slowly and never water into acid to avoid splashing.
(iii) Use only clean, dry, and acid-resistant containers during preparation.
(iv) Ensure good ventilation and keep the electrolyte away from open flames or heat sources.

(7b)
(i) Hydrometer.
(ii) Measuring cylinder.
(iii) Thermometer.
(iv) Acid-resistant mixing container.

(7c)
(i) Voltage drop: The reduction in voltage that occurs when current flows through a component or conductor due to its internal resistance.
(ii) Electromotive force: The energy supplied per unit charge by a source that drives electrons around a circuit when no current is flowing.

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