NABTEB GCE 2024 MOTOR VEHICLE MECHANIC WORKS (OBJ & ESSAY)

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MOTOR VEHICLE
01-10: CBCCADCCCA
11-20: CCBDCCDDBB
21-30: BCCDAACABD
31-40: BBAACBBAAA

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ANSWER FIVE QUESTIONS ONLY

 

(1a)

(1b)
(PICK SIX ONLY)
(i) Checking oil levels
(ii) Inspecting tire pressure
(iii) Replacing air filters
(iv) Changing engine oil
(v) Checking brake fluid
(vi) Inspecting belts and hoses
(vii) Checking battery charge
(viii) Inspecting lights and signals
(ix) Rotating tires
(x) Replacing windshield wiper blades

(1c)
(PICK FIVE ONLY)
(i) Regularly check the battery terminals: Inspect the battery terminals for corrosion, dirt, and rust. Clean them using a mixture of baking soda and water if needed.

(ii) Ensure proper charge levels: Check the charge level using a voltmeter or battery tester. Keep it at an optimal range to prevent overcharging or undercharging.

(iii) Clean battery contacts: If the battery terminals are dirty or corroded, clean them with a battery cleaning brush or a solution to maintain proper contact and performance.

(iv) Check electrolyte levels: If the battery is a non-sealed type, check the electrolyte levels and top them up with distilled water if required.

(v) Inspect the battery case: Ensure the battery case is free from cracks or leaks. Any damage to the case can lead to battery failure.

(vi) Tighten battery connections: Loose battery terminals can cause poor performance. Tighten the connections regularly to ensure proper electrical flow.

(vii) Monitor for warning signs: Keep an eye on any signs of battery issues like dim lights, slow engine cranking, or the check engine light turning on.

(viii) Avoid deep discharges: Do not allow the battery to discharge completely. Regular charging keeps the battery in good condition and extends its lifespan.

(ix) Test battery performance: Have your battery tested at regular intervals, particularly before extreme weather seasons, as temperature fluctuations can affect battery life.

(x) Avoid overcharging: Overcharging the battery can shorten its lifespan. If you have a battery charger, ensure it’s automatic and stops charging once the battery is full.
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(2a)
(PICK THREE ONLY)
(i) Engages and disengages the engine from the transmission: The clutch allows the engine to be connected or disconnected from the wheels, enabling smooth gear changes.

(ii) Enables smooth gear shifting: It allows the driver to change gears without jerking or damaging the gearbox by temporarily disconnecting the engine from the transmission.

(iii) Prevents engine stalling: By disengaging the engine from the transmission when the vehicle is at a stop, the clutch prevents the engine from stalling.

(iv) Transfers torque smoothly: The clutch ensures that power from the engine is transferred smoothly to the transmission without sudden jolts or shocks.

(v) Provides control over vehicle movement: It helps control the vehicle’s movement, particularly when starting from a stop or during low-speed driving, by modulating the engine’s power to the wheels.

(vi) Reduces wear and tear on the drivetrain: The clutch prevents sudden shock loads on the drivetrain by allowing the gradual engagement of the engine’s power to the wheels.

(2b)

(2c)
A single-plate clutch consists of a friction disc, pressure plate, and flywheel. When the clutch pedal is pressed, the pressure plate is released from the friction disc, disengaging the engine from the transmission. When the pedal is released, the pressure plate pushes the friction disc against the flywheel, engaging the engine and allowing power to be transmitted to the wheels.
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(3a)
The function of the braking system is to slow down, stop, or hold a vehicle in place by converting the vehicle’s kinetic energy into heat through friction, ensuring control and safety during driving.

(3b)

(3c)
In a hydraulically operated braking system, when the brake pedal is pressed, it pushes brake fluid through pipes to the brake cylinders at each wheel. This pressure activates the brake pads or shoes, pressing them against the brake discs or drums, creating friction that slows down or stops the vehicle.
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(4a)
(PICK THREE ONLY)
(i) Transfer power: The final drive gears transmit power from the engine to the wheels, enabling vehicle movement.

(ii) Change direction of power: They change the direction of the power flow from the driveshaft to the wheels, typically from horizontal to vertical.

(iii) Adjust torque: The final drive gears adjust the torque delivered to the wheels, allowing the vehicle to move with proper force.

(iv) Reduce speed: They reduce the speed of the driveshaft to a level that is suitable for the wheels to turn at a proper speed.

(v) Provide gear ratio: The gears set the gear ratio, determining the vehicle’s speed and engine efficiency at different driving conditions.

(vi) Distribute power evenly: The final drive ensures that power is evenly distributed to the wheels, allowing for smooth driving.

(vii) Support vehicle weight: The final drive gears also help support the weight of the vehicle and handle stress during operation, contributing to the overall stability.

(4b)

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(5a)
(PICK THREE ONLY)
(i) Single Hole Injector Nozzle
(ii) Multi-Hole Injector Nozzle
(iii) Conical Spray Injector Nozzle
(iv) Vortex Injector Nozzle
(v) Pintle Injector Nozzle
(vi) Air-Assisted Injector Nozzle
(vii) Dual-Stage Injector Nozzle

(5b)

(5c)
(PICK SIX ONLY)
(i) Nozzle Body
(ii) Needle Valve
(iii) Nozzle Seat
(iv) Nozzle Tip
(v) Needle Guide
(vi) Spray Holes
(vii) Spring
(viii) O-Rings
(ix) Screw
(x) Seal
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(6i)
Piston Rings: Piston rings create a seal between the piston and the cylinder wall, preventing combustion gases from leaking, controlling oil consumption, and helping to transfer heat from the piston to the cylinder wall.

(6ii)
Inlet Manifold: The inlet manifold directs the air-fuel mixture into the engine’s cylinders, ensuring even distribution of the mixture to all cylinders for efficient combustion.

(6iii)
Oil Pump: The oil pump circulates engine oil under pressure to lubricate the moving parts of the engine, reducing friction, cooling components, and helping to clean the engine by trapping contaminants.

(6iv)
Cam Lobe: The cam lobe is part of the camshaft that controls the timing and operation of the engine’s intake and exhaust valves, allowing air-fuel mixture to enter and exhaust gases to exit the cylinders.

(6v)
Crankshaft: The crankshaft converts the up-and-down motion of the pistons into rotational motion, which drives the vehicle’s wheels and powers other components like the alternator and water pump.

(6vi)
Flywheel: The flywheel stores rotational energy and helps smooth the engine’s power delivery by maintaining consistent rotational speed, reducing engine vibrations, and aiding in smoother gear changes.
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(7i)
Dwell Angle: The dwell angle controls the amount of time the ignition coil is energized before the spark plug fires. A proper dwell angle ensures optimal coil charging, leading to a strong spark and better combustion. Too short or too long a dwell angle can reduce spark intensity and engine performance.

(7ii)
Condenser: The condenser stores electrical energy and releases it to the ignition coil to create a strong spark. A faulty or weak condenser can result in weak sparks, misfires, and poor engine performance.

(7iii) Spark Plug Gap: The spark plug gap affects the ignition of the air-fuel mixture. A wider gap requires a stronger spark, while too narrow a gap can lead to weak sparks and incomplete combustion, reducing power and fuel efficiency.

(7iv)
Mechanical Advance/Retard Mechanism: The mechanical advance/retard mechanism adjusts the ignition timing based on engine speed. Proper operation helps optimize performance by advancing the timing at higher speeds for more power and retarding it at lower speeds for smooth idle. Malfunctioning mechanisms can cause poor acceleration or knocking.

(7v)
Vacuum Advance/Retard Mechanism: The vacuum advance mechanism adjusts ignition timing based on engine load, improving fuel efficiency and performance at cruising speeds. A malfunctioning vacuum advance can lead to poor fuel economy and engine hesitation during acceleration.

(7vi)
Corroded Segments: Corroded segments on the ignition distributor can cause poor electrical contact, leading to misfires, inconsistent ignition timing, and overall engine performance degradation. This results in rough running, reduced power, and higher emissions.

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