BEST EXPO RUNZ ASSISTANCE WEBSITE. NO.1 BEST DELIVERY OF EXAM RUNZ
100% GUARANTEE OF GETTING ANSWERS MIDNIGHT..IT’S OUR CULTURE, NO DOUBT
===================================
SECTION A: ANSWER TWO(2) QUESTIONS ONLY
(1a)
Population refers to the total number of individuals or organisms of a particular species that inhabit a specific area or region at a given time. It is often used in the context of human populations, but can apply to any species in a defined habitat.
(1bi)
Size:
Population size is the total number of people living in a particular area at a given time. It reflects the scale of human presence and is influenced by birth rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration. Knowing population size helps governments plan for resources, infrastructure, and services such as schools, hospitals, and housing. For example, a large population size may increase demand for jobs and social amenities, while a small population may limit economic growth. Population size is usually measured through a census.
(1bii)
Density:
Population density is the average number of people living per unit of land area, often expressed as persons per square kilometer. It shows how crowded or spacious an area is. High density often occurs in urban centers, leading to challenges like congestion and pressure on resources, while low density is common in rural or harsh environments. Density is influenced by physical factors (water availability, climate, terrain) and human factors (economic opportunities, infrastructure). Understanding density helps in urban planning and resource management.
(1biii)
Quality:
Population quality refers to the overall wellbeing and capabilities of the people, including health, education, and living standards. A high-quality population is generally healthier, better educated, and more productive, which promotes economic development. Factors such as access to healthcare, nutrition, literacy, and social equality determine population quality. Improving quality involves investments in education, health services, and social welfare to enhance human potential and national progress.
(1c)
(i) Health: Access to good healthcare and low disease prevalence improve population quality.
(ii) Education: A well-educated population tends to be more productive and informed.
(iii) Standard of Living: Good housing, nutrition, and income levels enhance quality of life.
===================================
(2a)
(i) Rayfield, Jos (Plateau State): An upscale residential and recreational area.
(ii) Maitama Extension, Minna (Niger State): Known for modern architecture and elites.
(iii) Government Reserved Area (GRA), Ilorin (Kwara State): A classy residential zone.
(iv) Makurdi GRA (Benue State): A prominent high-class neighborhood.
(2b)
(i) Economic Growth and Revenue Generation: Tourism attracts visitors who spend money on accommodation, food, transport, and souvenirs, generating income for local businesses and governments. This inflow of foreign exchange boosts the national economy and helps improve the country’s balance of payments.
(ii) Employment Creation: Tourism creates jobs directly in hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, and tourist sites, and indirectly in sectors like agriculture, transportation, and crafts, reducing unemployment. These jobs often provide opportunities for both skilled and unskilled workers, helping to reduce poverty.
(iii) Infrastructure Development: To attract tourists, governments invest in infrastructure such as roads, airports, water supply, and communication networks, which also benefit local communities and promote overall development. Improved infrastructure enhances connectivity and quality of life for residents as well as visitors.
(iv) Cultural Exchange and Preservation: Tourism encourages the preservation of cultural heritage, traditions, and historical sites, fostering national pride and promoting intercultural understanding between visitors and locals. It also motivates communities to maintain their customs and arts, which might otherwise decline.
(2c)
(i) Developing Tourist Attractions: Improving and promoting natural, cultural, and historical sites to attract more visitors.
(ii) Improving Infrastructure: Building better roads, airports, hotels, and communication systems to facilitate tourism activities.
(iii) Marketing and Promotion: Using advertising campaigns and digital platforms to showcase tourist destinations nationally and internationally.
(iv) Training and Capacity Building: Educating and training local people to provide quality services in hospitality, tour guiding, and management to enhance tourist experiences.
===================================
(3a)
(i) Abundant Natural Resources: Pittsburgh’s location provided easy access to essential raw materials, especially high-grade iron ore from the northern fields and vast coal deposits in the Appalachian Mountains. The proximity of these resources significantly reduced transportation costs and supported large-scale industrial production.
(ii) Efficient Transportation Network: The region is strategically situated at the confluence of major rivers (the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio), which historically enabled cheap and efficient movement of raw materials and finished goods. Additionally, the development of railroads and highways further enhanced connectivity to other industrial centers and markets.
(iii) Skilled Labour Force and Industrial Culture: Pittsburgh developed a strong tradition of skilled labour, with generations of workers experienced in steelmaking, manufacturing, and related industries. This culture of industrial expertise attracted further investment and innovation, reinforcing the region’s industrial dominance.
(iv) Supportive Infrastructure and Innovation: The presence of established industries, excellent universities, and a collaborative business environment fostered innovation and technological advancement. The region’s infrastructure, including factories and research institutions, supported both traditional manufacturing and the growth of new sectors like robotics and advanced materials.
(3b)
=ADVANTAGES=
(i) Development of Organised Markets: Concentration of similar industries in one area leads to the emergence of organised markets, making it easier for buyers and sellers to interact.
(ii) Generation of Employment: Localisation creates numerous job opportunities, both directly in the main industries and indirectly in supporting services and subsidiary firms.
(iii) External Economies of Scale: Firms benefit from shared services, infrastructure, and reduced production costs, making goods cheaper and more competitive.
(iv) Emergence of Subsidiary Firms: The presence of major industries attracts related businesses, such as suppliers and service providers, which further stimulates economic growth in the area.
=DISADVANTAGES=
(i) Congestion: High concentration of industries leads to overcrowding, traffic, and housing shortages, which can reduce the quality of life.
(ii) Pressure on Social Amenities: Increased population and industrial activity put pressure on water, electricity, and other essential services, often leading to shortages.
(iii) Uneven Regional Development: Localisation can cause some areas to develop rapidly while others remain underdeveloped, resulting in regional imbalances.
(iv) Environmental Pollution: The clustering of industries often leads to significant air, water, and land pollution, negatively impacting health and the environment.
===================================
SECTION B: ANSWER TWO(2) QUESTIONS ONLY
(4a)
DRAW THE DIAGRAM
(4b)
(i) Broad Leaves with Drip Tips: Leaves are broad to capture maximum sunlight and have drip tips to shed excess rainwater, preventing fungal growth.
(ii) Tall Trees with Buttress Roots: Trees grow tall to compete for sunlight in dense forests; buttress roots provide stability in shallow, nutrient-poor soils.
(iii) Evergreen Nature: Many trees retain leaves year-round to maximize photosynthesis in the consistently warm and wet climate.
(4c)
(i) Deforestation due to Logging and Farming: Forests are cleared extensively for timber and to create farmland, which reduces tree cover and biodiversity. This large-scale clearing disrupts ecosystems and limits the forest’s ability to regenerate naturally. The continuous removal of trees also leads to soil erosion and loss of nutrients necessary for plant growth.
(ii) Climate Change and Drought: Irregular rainfall and prolonged dry seasons cause water stress to trees, reducing their growth and making them more vulnerable to pests and diseases. These changing climate patterns also lead to forest degradation and loss of vegetation cover. Additionally, extreme weather events like floods and droughts further damage forest ecosystems and hinder recovery.
(iii) Urbanization and Industrialization: Rapid growth of cities and industries results in the clearing of forests for housing, roads, and factories, destroying natural habitats. Pollution from industrial activities further harms the soil and water quality, negatively affecting forest vegetation. Urban expansion also fragments forest areas, reducing biodiversity and disrupting ecological balance.
===================================
(5a)
(i) North West: Kano, Kaduna
(ii) South East: Onitsha, Enugu.
(iii) South West: Lagos, Ibadan.
(iv) South South : Port Harcourt, Calabar.
(5b)
(i) Employment Generation: Commercial centres create jobs in trade, services, manufacturing, and transportation.
(ii) Revenue Generation: They contribute significantly to government revenue through taxes, levies, and business activities.
(iii) Market for Goods and Services: Commercial centres provide a platform for buying and selling goods, facilitating trade and economic activities.
(iv) Attraction of Investment: They attract both local and foreign investors, encouraging industrial growth and infrastructure development.
(5c)
(i) Strategic Location
(ii) Availability of Raw Materials:
(iii) Population Concentration
(iv) Historical and Cultural Factors
(5d)
(i) Traffic Congestion: High concentration of people and goods leads to overcrowded roads and traffic jams.
(ii) Environmental Pollution: Industrial and commercial activities cause air, water, and land pollution.
(iii) Inadequate Infrastructure: Rapid growth often outpaces infrastructure development, leading to shortages in water, electricity, and sanitation.
(iv) Urban Overcrowding: Increased migration to commercial centres causes housing shortages and slum development.
===================================
(6a)
A cottage industry is a small-scale manufacturing business that is usually operated from the home or a small workshop by individuals or families. It typically involves manual labor, low capital investment, and produces handmade or artisanal goods for local or niche markets.
(6bi)
(i) Handicraft Cottage Industry: This type involves the production of handmade goods such as pottery, weaving, embroidery, and basket making. These industries rely on skilled artisans who use traditional tools and techniques to produce unique and customized products, often reflecting local culture and heritage.
(ii) Food Processing Cottage Industry: These industries focus on the small-scale production of food items like baking, making jams, cheese, spices, and homemade soaps or candles. They often use local raw materials and traditional recipes, catering mainly to local markets or small-scale trade.
(6bii)
(i) Small-scale production usually carried out at home or in small workshops.
(ii) Labor-intensive, relying mostly on manual skills and simple tools.
(iii) Low capital investment and minimal use of machinery.
(iv) Products are often handmade, unique, and cater to local or niche markets.
(6c)
(i) Availability of Raw Materials: Many rural areas have abundant natural resources such as agricultural products and minerals, making it cost-effective to locate industries close to these inputs. This proximity reduces transportation costs and ensures a steady supply of raw materials, which is crucial for small-scale and agro-based industries to thrive.
(ii) Cheap Labor: Rural areas often provide a ready supply of cheap labor, usually from family members or local communities, reducing operational costs for small-scale industries. Additionally, locating industries in rural areas helps to create employment opportunities, which can reduce the rural-urban migration of young people seeking jobs in cities.
===================================
COMPLETED….We Remain Your Favourite Site.
Ensure You Subscribe For Your Next Paper
===================================
Leave a Reply