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DATA PROCESSING OBJ!
01-10: AABDDBBDEA
11-20: BCEBDAABAD
21-30: ECDDAABDAB
31-40: DCBCACAABC
41-50: CCBDAADADA
51-60: DCEADDACEA
COMPLETED
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INSTRUCTION: ANSWER FOUR(4) QUESTIONS ONLY
(1ai)
Digitalisation is the process of using digital technologies to transform a business model, creating new revenue streams and value-producing opportunities by integrating digital tools into various aspects of operations such as management, communication, production, and customer service.
(1aii)
(i) It enables organizations to adapt to rapidly changing market conditions and meet customer expectations.
(ii) It optimizes processes for greater efficiency and productivity.
(1bi)
[TABULATE PLS]
=Scientist=
(i) Alan Turing
(ii) Charles Babbage
=Invention=
(i) Turing Machine
(ii) Analytical Engine
=Function of Invention=
(i) Conceptual model for computation and algorithms.
(ii) Designed to perform automatic calculations.
(1bii)
143 ÷ 2 = 71 remainder 1
71 ÷ 2 = 35 remainder 1
35 ÷ 2 = 17 remainder 1
17 ÷ 2 = 8 remainder 1
8 ÷ 2 = 4 remainder 0
4 ÷ 2 = 2 remainder 0
2 ÷ 2 = 1 remainder 0
1 ÷ 2 = 0 remainder 1
.: 143₁₀ = 10001111₂
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(2a)
(i) Type of computer based on size: Supercomputer.
(ii) Type of computer based on purpose: Personal computer (PC).
(2b)
Personal computer:
A personal computer (PC) is a general-purpose computer designed for individual use. It is typically smaller in size, affordable, and used for tasks such as word processing, internet browsing, gaming, and office work. PCs include desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones and are equipped with a microprocessor as their CPU.
(2ci)
(i) Business
(ii) Communication
(iii) Healthcare
(2cii)
(i) Cybercrime such as hacking and identity theft
(ii) Dependence on technology leading to reduced problem-solving skills
(iii) Spread of misinformation and fake news through digital media
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(3ai)
A word processing package is a software application used to create, edit, format, and print text documents. It provides tools for writing letters, reports, and other text-based files with features like spell check, font customization, and layout design.
(3aii)
(i) Microsoft Word: Spell check and grammar correction to help improve document accuracy.
(ii) Microsoft Excel: Ability to perform calculations using formulas and functions within cells.
(3b)
(i) Highlight or select the text you want to format.
(ii) Click the Bold (B) button to make the text bold.
(iii) Click the Italic (I) button to italicize the text.
(iv) Click the Underline (U) button to underline the text.
(3c)
(i) Range:
A range in Excel is a collection of two or more cells that are adjacent or non-adjacent, selected together to perform operations such as formatting, copying, or applying formulas. Ranges are identified by the addresses of the first and last cells in the block (e.g., A1:C5). Using ranges allows users to manipulate multiple cells simultaneously, which is essential for data analysis and calculations.
(ii) Worksheet:
A worksheet is a single tab or page within an Excel workbook where users enter and organize data in rows and columns. Each worksheet contains cells identified by their column letters and row numbers. Worksheets support various functions including data entry, calculations, chart creation, and data visualization. A workbook can contain multiple worksheets, allowing users to separate and manage different sets of data within one file.
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(4a)
A data model is a conceptual framework that organizes and defines the structure, relationships, and constraints of data within a system. It serves as a blueprint for designing databases by specifying how data is stored, connected, and manipulated to meet the needs of an application or organization.
(4aii)
(i) It provides a clear and systematic way to represent complex data, which helps developers and stakeholders understand and communicate data requirements effectively.
(ii) It ensures data consistency and integrity by defining rules and relationships, which facilitates efficient database design and reduces redundancy.
(4b)
Web design focuses on creating and structuring interactive websites and web pages, combining layout, content, and user experience to deliver functional and navigable online platforms. It involves coding, user interface design, and integration of multimedia elements to engage users. On contrast, Graphic packages, on the other hand, are software tools used for creating and editing static visual content such as images, illustrations, and digital artwork. They emphasize artistic design and image manipulation rather than interactivity or navigation.
(4c)
(i) Batch Operating System:
This type of OS processes batches of jobs without user interaction, grouping similar tasks to be executed sequentially. It optimizes resource use by minimizing idle time but lacks real-time user control, making it suitable for repetitive, large-scale processing tasks such as payroll or billing systems.
(ii) Multitasking Operating System:
Also known as a time-sharing OS, it allows multiple programs or users to run concurrently by rapidly switching the CPU among tasks. This enables interactive computing, where users can run applications simultaneously, improving productivity and responsiveness on personal computers and servers.
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(5ai)
The Internet is a worldwide system of interconnected computer networks that communicate using standardized protocols, primarily the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). It enables devices such as computers, servers, smartphones, and smart appliances to exchange information and access a vast array of services like websites, email, streaming, and file sharing.
(5aii)
Sign-in is the process where a user who already has an account enters their username and password to access their email or online service. It verifies the user’s identity and grants access to their existing account and data while Sign-up is the initial registration process where a new user provides personal information (such as name, email address, and password) to create a new account on the email platform. This process establishes the user’s credentials and profile for future access.
(5b)
(i) It improves data availability and reliability since data is stored across multiple locations, reducing the risk of total data loss.
(ii) It enhances system performance by allowing data processing to occur locally at different sites, reducing network traffic and response time.
(5c)
(i) URL: Uniform Resource Locator
(ii) ISP: Internet Service Provider
(iii) PPP: Point-to-Point Protocol
(iv) HTML: HyperText Markup Language
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(6a)
(i) Switches:
A switch is a network device that connects multiple devices within a local area network (LAN) and intelligently forwards data only to the device that needs it by using the MAC address in the data packet. Switches operate at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model and can handle full-duplex communication, allowing simultaneous sending and receiving of data, which results in faster and more efficient network performance.
(ii) Hubs:
A hub is a basic networking device that connects multiple Ethernet devices in a LAN by broadcasting incoming data packets to all connected devices regardless of the intended recipient. It operates at the physical layer (Layer 1) of the OSI model and uses half-duplex communication, meaning it can either send or receive data at a time but not both simultaneously. This can lead to network collisions and slower speeds compared to switches.
(6bi)
(i) Downloading infected files or software from untrusted websites.
(ii) Opening email attachments or links from unknown or suspicious senders.
(6bii)
(i) Install and regularly update antivirus software to detect and remove threats.
(ii) Avoid opening suspicious emails, attachments, or downloading software from unreliable sources.
(6c)
(i) Alt + Esc: This key combination allows the user to switch between open applications in the order they were opened without displaying the taskbar or window previews. It cycles through windows quickly.
(ii) Ctrl + Backspace: This shortcut deletes the entire word to the left of the cursor, making it faster to remove words instead of deleting character by character.
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