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PLUMBING OBJ (TYPE A)
01-10: ABAAACBACD
11-20: CDCCADBBCA
21-30: ABCCAACDCD
31-40: DCABCCDBAD
COMPLETED
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PLUMBING AND PIPE FITTINGS ANSWERS (TYPE A)
ANSWER FIVE(5) QUESTIONS ONLY
(2a)
-Diameter = 8 m, so radius = 4 m
-Full circle = 360°
-Each sector = 60°
Number of sectors = (360°/60°) = 6
(2b)
Area of the whole circle = π × 4² = 16π m²
Area of one 60° sector = (60/360) × 16π = 8π/3 m²
Area of 6 sectors = 6 × 8π/3 = 16π m²
Waste = 16π − 16π = 0m²
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(3ai)
(DRAW THE DIAGRAM)
(3aii)
The teeth of the hacksaw blade should face forward, away from the handle, so that cutting takes place on the forward stroke.
(3b)
[TABULATE]
Iron: Tough, strong, malleable, magnetic; rusts easily in moist air.
(ii) Cast iron: Very hard and brittle; good compressive strength; cannot be forged; good resistance to wear.
(iii) Lead: Very soft and heavy; highly malleable; low melting point; good corrosion resistance.
(iv) Aluminium: Very light; soft and malleable; good corrosion resistance; good conductor of heat and electricity.
(v) Copper: Reddish in colour; very good conductor of heat and electricity; malleable and ductile; good corrosion resistance.
(vi) Tin: Soft and malleable; low melting point; good resistance to corrosion; used mainly for coating
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(4a)
(i) Actual capacity: This is the real amount of water a cistern can hold up to its working or usable level.
It is the usable volume of water available in the cistern.
(ii) Nominal capacity: This is the rated or stated capacity of the cistern as given by the manufacturer.
It includes the free space above the actual water level used to prevent overflow.
(4b)
(i) Low level W.C. suite:
32 mm (or 1¼ inches)
(ii) High level W.C. suite:
38 mm (or 1½ inches)
(4c)
A flushing trough can flush several W.C. pans at the same time, making it more economical in water use and installation cost than having individual cisterns for each W.C
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(5a)
Killed spirit is methylated spirit that has been rendered non-drinkable by adding chemicals such as methanol, pyridine or colouring. In plumbing, it refers to spirit that has been treated (killed) so that it cannot be consumed as alcohol. It is mainly used as a cleaning and degreasing agent.
(5b)
(i) Cleaning metal surfaces before soldering.
(ii) Degreasing joints and fittings.
(iii) Removing flux residues after soldering.
(iv) Cleaning tools such as brushes and wiping cloths.
(5c)
(i) Taking pure ethyl alcohol (ethanol).
(ii) Adding chemicals (denaturants) such as methanol, pyridine or colouring dye.
(iii) These added chemicals destroy its suitability for drinking, hence the term killed spirit.
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(7a)
[DRAW THE DIAGRAM]
(7b)
(i) Rain Water:
-Soft water (contains little dissolved minerals).
-Free from salts and gases when fresh.
-Can be easily collected from roofs.
(ii) River Water:
-Contains dissolved solids and suspended particles.
-May contain microorganisms and require treatment.
-Readily available in large quantity.
(iii) Well Water:
-Usually clear because it filters through soil.
-May contain dissolved minerals.
-Can be contaminated if the well is shallow.
(iv) Spring Water;
-Naturally clean and filtered.
-Cool and fresh.
-Contains minerals picked up from rocks.
(v) Lake Water:
-Generally calm and easy to extract.
-May contain algae and organic matter.
-Requires purification before domestic use.
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