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GEOGRAPHY OBJ (TYPE B)
01-10: ABDCDAABCD
11-20: AAAAAACAAC
21-30: AABACCBABB
31-40: ACDBBAAAAA
41-50: BACABAAABD
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ANSWER FOUR(4) QUESTION IN ALL, CHOOSING AT LEAST TWO(2) FROM EACH PART
PART I
(1a)
(1b)
(i) Presence of tall trees
(ii) Presence of tall grasses
(iii) Trees shed their leaves during the dry season
(1c)
(i) Rainfall decreases from the Guinea Savanna towards the Northern limit
(ii) Rainfall duration is longer in the Guinea Savanna than the Sahel Savanna
(iii) Little rainfall of between 20cm – 7cm in the Sahel leads to stunted growth of trees
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(3a)
(i) Four food crops:
North: Maize, Millet
-South: Yam, Cassava
(ii) Four cash crops:
-North: Groundnut, Cotton
-South: Cocoa, Oil Palm
(3b)
(i) Poor infrastructure such as roads, storage, and transport facilities.
(ii) Inadequate access to modern farm tools and machinery
(iii) Unpredictable rainfall and climate change
(iv) Soil infertility and land degradation
(v) Pest and disease infestations
(3c)
(i) Provides food for the population
(ii) Source of raw materials for industries
(iii) Creates employment for millions
(iv) Contributes to national income and GDP
(v) Promotes foreign exchange through export of cash crops
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PART II
(4a)
International trade is the exchange of goods and services between two or more countries across national borders.
(4b)
(i) Crude oil
(ii) Cocoa
(iii) Automobiles
(iv) Electronics
(4c)
(i) Tariffs and trade barriers: High import duties and restrictions increase the cost of goods and discourage free flow of trade.
(ii) Differences in currency and exchange rate fluctuations: Unstable exchange rates make international transactions risky and unpredictable.
(iii) Poor transport and communication links: Inadequate ports, bad roads and inefficient shipping or aviation services hinder smooth movement of goods.
(iv) Political instability and wars: Conflicts and insecurity disrupt trade routes and discourage foreign investors.
(v) Trade imbalance: Many developing countries rely on exporting raw materials and importing finished goods, causing an unfavourable balance of trade.
(4d)
(i) Long distance between trading countries.
(ii) Differences in language, laws, and culture.
(4e)
(i) Improving transport systems such as roads, ports, railways and airports to ease movement of goods.
(ii) Reducing tariffs, trade barriers and simplifying customs procedures to encourage free flow of trade.
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(5a)
(i) Inadequate power supply
(ii) Poor transportation network
(iii) Shortage of skilled labour
(iv) Insufficient capital and high cost of borrowing
(v) Limited government support and inconsistent policies
(5b)
(i) Improving electricity generation and distribution
(ii) Upgrading and expanding road rail and port infrastructure
(iii) Providing training and vocational education for skilled manpower
(iv) Reducing interest rates and offering financial incentives
(v) Ensuring stable and supportive government policies
(5c)
(i) Availability of raw materials: Industries locate close to raw materials to reduce transport cost and ensure steady supply for production. For example cement factories locate near limestone deposits.
(ii) Power supply: Industries need reliable electricity. Areas with steady power attract more factories because production is more efficient and cost of operation is lower.
(iii) Market proximity: Firms locate near large markets to reduce distribution cost and reach consumers quickly. Cities like Lagos and Kano attract many industries for this reason.
(iv) Transportation and communication: Good roads railways seaports and communication facilities lower the cost of moving raw materials and finished goods and improve access to suppliers and customers.
(v) Labour supply: Availability of skilled semi skilled and unskilled workers influences location. Areas with training institutions or a ready workforce are more attractive to investors.
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(6a)
Population census is the official headcount of all the people in a country, including the collection of demographic, social and economic data at a specific time.
(6b)
(i) Under population: Under population occurs when a country has fewer people than its available resources can support, resulting in under use of land, labour and capital.
(ii) Population density: Population density is the number of people living per unit area of land, usually measured in persons per square kilometre.
(iii) Optimum population: Optimum population is the population size that allows full and efficient use of a country’s resources, giving the highest standard of living.
(iv) Over population: Over population occurs when the number of people exceeds the available resources, leading to shortages of jobs, food, housing and basic services.
(6c)
(i) Increased production: A larger working population increases the labour force, leading to higher output of goods and services.
(ii) Higher national income: More workers means more productivity, which raises the Gross Domestic Product GDP of the country.
(iii) Greater tax revenue: With more people employed, the government collects more taxes which can be used to develop public infrastructure.
(iv) Reduced dependency ratio: When the number of active workers is high, fewer people depend on each worker, improving the overall economic strength of the country.
(v) Faster economic development: A strong and active labour force attracts investment, supports industries and promotes overall national growth.
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