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WOOD WORK OBJ
01-10: CDBCABAADD
11-20: CCACAACCCD
21-30: DADCBAAACB
31-40: BACBBDABDA
COMPLETED
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INSTRUCTION: ANSWER FOUR(4) QUESTIONS ONLY
(1i)
Bark or Cortex:
(i) Protection: Serves as a protective barrier against physical injuries, pests, and disease.
(ii) Insulation: Helps regulate temperature within the tree by reducing water loss and retaining warmth.
(iii) Transport of nutrients: Facilitates the movement of food (sugars) made by the leaves down to the rest of the tree.
(1ii)
The Roots:
(i) Anchorage: Provide stability and keep the tree firmly anchored in the soil.
(ii) Absorption: Take up water and essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from the soil.
(iii) Storage: Store excess food (starch) for future use by the tree during periods of stress or low nutrients.
(1iii)
Cambium Layer:
(i) Formation of new cells: Produces new phloem cells toward the outside and new xylem cells toward the inside.
(ii) Increase in thickness: Allows the tree to grow in girth or diameter as it adds additional rings each year.
(iii) Damage repair: Helps heal injured areas by generating new cells to replace damaged ones.
(1iv)
The Sapwood:
(i) Conduction of water: Transports water and nutrients upward from roots to leaves.
(ii) Support: Contributes to the structural stability of the tree while retaining its flexibility.
(iii) Storage of nutrients: Stores starch and other food reserves for future growth and energy.
(1v)
Medullary Ray:
(i) Transport of nutrients: Facilitates horizontal movement of food, water, and other nutrients across the trunk.
(ii) Storage: Stores food and other resources within its cells.
(iii) Structural strengthening: Helps provide additional stability by tying together different rings of wood.
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(2ai)
(Draw the diagram)
(2aii)
(Draw the diagram)
(2b)
(i) Marking Gauge: It is used to scribe or mark lines parallel to the edge of a wooden workpiece to guide cutting or shaping operations.
(ii) Mortise Gauge: It is used to mark two parallel lines simultaneously, especially when laying out mortises and tenons.
(2c)
The mortise gauge has two adjustable spurs (pins) for marking two lines, while the marking gauge has only one fixed spur (pin).
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(3a)
Safety first is a principle and practice that emphasizes the importance of taking precautions to prevent accidents, injuries, and harm before engaging in any activity. It means prioritizing the protection of human life, health, and well-being over speed, convenience, or productivity.
(3bi)
Personal Safety Habit:
(i) Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, goggles, and helmets.
(ii) Maintain good hygiene and keep your work area clean to avoid contamination or injury.
(3bii)
Hand Tools Safety:
(i) Inspect tools before use to ensure they are not damaged or defective.
(ii) Use the right tool for the job and handle it properly to avoid accidents.
(3biii)
Machine Tool Safety:
(i) Never operate a machine without proper training or authorization.
(ii) Ensure all safety guards and emergency stop devices are in place and functional before using the machine.
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(4a)
Conversion of timber is the process of cutting or sawing logs of wood into usable sizes and shapes such as planks, boards, or beams. It is the first stage in preparing timber for use in construction, furniture making, and other woodwork projects.
(4b)
(i) Plain (Through and Through) Sawing: The log is sawn lengthwise in a series of parallel cuts. It is simple and economical but may produce timber with less dimensional stability.
(ii) Cant Sawing: This is a method of timber conversion where the log is first squared off by removing the rounded sides, creating a rectangular or square section called a cant. The cant is then further sawn into smaller timber pieces such as planks or beams.
(iii) Quarter Sawing: The log is first quartered and then sawn at an angle to the growth rings. It produces more stable timber with attractive grain patterns but results in more waste.
(4c)
(Draw the diagram)
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