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ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION OBJ
01-10: CDAABAADDA
11-20: BABBAAACBC
21-30: DCAACCDDCC
31-40: ABCACADDAB
COMPLETED
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PART I: ANSWER TWO(2) QUESTIONS ONLY
(1ai)
Ducting:Refers to an enclosed passageway or channel, typically used to carry air in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. It can also be used for routing cables or other services in a building structure.
(1aii)
Trunking: A system of enclosed channels, usually rectangular or square in cross-section, specifically designed for housing and protecting electrical cables and wires within buildings. It provides a neat and organized way to route multiple cables.
(1b)
(i)Mechanical Protection: Conduit must provide adequate mechanical protection to the enclosed conductors against physical damage, crushing, or abrasion.
(ii)Electrical Safety: Conduit systems must ensure electrical safety by providing insulation and preventing accidental contact with live conductors, as well as protecting against fire hazards.
(1c)
-Advantages-
(i)Offers superior protection against physical impact and crushing.
(ii)Provides good shielding against electromagnetic interference (EMI) for sensitive cables.
(iii)Can serve as an effective equipment grounding conductor, enhancing electrical safety.
-Disadvantages-
(i)Susceptible to corrosion in certain environments, especially if not properly coated or maintained.
(ii)Generally more expensive than non-metallic conduit options.
(iii)Can be more challenging to bend and install compared to flexible or non-metallic conduits, requiring specialized tools.
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(2a)
Steel underfloor ducting is a system of steel conduits or ducts installed beneath the floor level in a building to house and protect electrical wiring, communication cables, and other services. It provides a flexible and accessible way to distribute power and data throughout a space, allowing for easy access for maintenance, upgrades, and reconfigurations without disrupting the aesthetics of the room.
(2b)
(i)Planning and Design: Determine the layout, capacity requirements, and specific components needed for the bus bar trunking system based on the electrical load and distribution needs of the facility.
(ii)Mounting Supports: Install appropriate supports and hangers from the ceiling or walls to securely hold the bus bar trunking sections in place. These supports must be adequately spaced and capable of bearing the weight of the system.
(iii)Section Assembly: Connect individual sections of bus bar trunking together, ensuring proper alignment and secure mechanical and electrical connections. This often involves specialized joining plates and bolts.
(iv)Power Connection: Connect the bus bar trunking system to the main power source, ensuring correct phasing and secure electrical terminations.
(v)Tap-off Units: Install tap-off units or plug-in units at designated points along the bus bar trunking to provide power to individual loads or equipment. These units are designed for easy and safe connection and disconnection.
(vi)Testing and Commissioning: After installation, thoroughly test the entire bus bar trunking system for continuity, insulation resistance, and proper operation to ensure safety and functionality before energizing.
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PART II: ANSWER TWO(2) QUESTIONS ONLY
(4)
DRAW THE DIAGRAM
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(6a)
(i)Simplex
(ii)Half-duplex
(iii)Full-duplex
(6b)
(i)Simplex: Data flows in one direction only.
-Uses and Applications-:
Broadcasting, radio, television, and one-way communication systems where a sender transmits information to multiple receivers without expecting a reply.
(ii)Half-duplex: Data can flow in both directions, but only one direction at a time.
-Uses and Applications-:
Walkie-talkies, two-way radio communication where users take turns speaking and listening, and some older data networks where devices alternate sending and receiving.
(iii)Full-duplex: Data can flow in both directions simultaneously.
-Uses and Applications-:
Telephones, modern computer networks (likeTO Ethernet), and real-time interactive communication where both parties can send and receive data at the same time.
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PART III: ANSWER TWO(2) QUESTIONS ONLY
(7a)
(i)Prepare the slots: Ensure the armature slots are clean and free of debris before winding begins.
(ii)Insulate the slots: Apply appropriate insulation material within the slots to prevent short circuits between the coil and the armature core.
(iii)Wind the coils: Form the coils according to the specific winding pattern (e.g., lap or wave winding) and the number of turns required.
(iv)Insert the coils: Carefully place the wound coils into the designated armature slots, ensuring proper fit and avoiding damage to the insulation.
(v)Connect to commutator (if applicable): If it’s a DC machine, connect the coil ends to the appropriate commutator segments, ensuring correct polarity and winding arrangement.
(vi)Secure the coils: Use wedges or other securing methods to hold the coils firmly in place within the slots to prevent movement during operation.
(7b)
(ii)Armature: The armature is the rotating part of an electric machine (like a motor or generator) that contains the main windings where voltage is induced or where the input current interacts with a magnetic field to produce torque. It typically consists of coils of wire wound around a laminated metal core.
(ii)Commutator: The commutator is a segmented ring located at one end of the armature in DC machines. It consists of insulated copper segments and works in conjunction with brushes to reverse the current direction in the armature coils as they rotate, ensuring continuous rotation in motors or collecting DC voltage in generators. In essence, the armature is where the power conversion happens, while the commutator facilitates the necessary current reversal for DC operation.
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(9a)
(i)Disconnect power: Ensure the motor is completely de-energized and locked out to prevent accidental starting.
(ii)Safety precautions: Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and eye protection.
(iii)Document connections: Take photos or notes of all wiring connections before disconnecting them.
(iv)Disconnect wiring: Carefully disconnect the power supply and any control wiring.
(v)Remove external components: Detach any external components like pulleys, couplings, or mounting brackets.
(vi)Disassemble casing: Remove the motor casing or housing to access the internal components.
(vii)Remove rotor: Carefully extract the rotor from the stator, noting any shims or spacers.
(viii)Disassemble stator: If necessary, remove the stator windings, noting their configuration.
(ix)Inspect components: Examine all parts for signs of damage, burning, or wear.
(9b)
(i)Safety: Ensures the machine operates safely, preventing accidents and injuries to personnel.
(ii)Performance: Verifies that the machine functions as intended and meets performance specifications.
(iii)Longevity: Identifies potential issues early, allowing for corrective action to prevent premature failure and extend the machine’s lifespan.
(iv)Efficiency: Confirms optimal operation, reducing energy consumption and operational costs.
(v)Compliance: Ensures adherence to industry standards, regulations, and manufacturer’s guidelines.
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