NABTEB 2025 BIOLOGY ANSWERS (ALT. PRACTICAL)

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(1i)
(i) Used polythene bags
(ii) Chemical fertilizers

(1ii)
The kidney

(1iii)
(i) Hair stands erect to trap air
(ii) Vasoconstriction of blood vessels to reduce heat loss

(1iv)
(i) Cytoplasm
(ii) Nucleus

(1v)
(i) Glucose
(ii) Urea

(1vi)
Adrenal gland

(1vii)
Photolysis

(1viii)
Iris

(1ix)
Placentation

(1x)
Monoecious plant

(1xi)
Autotrophic nutrition

(1xii)
When it has all four floral parts: sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels

(1xiii)
(i) Absence of gill function in air
(ii) Collapsing of gill filaments without water support

(1xiv)
(i) Water pollution
(ii) Spread of diseases such as cholera and dysentery

(1xv)
Mangrove plants
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(2ai)
Flamboyant flower/Pride of Barbados

(2aii)

(2bi)
(i) Calyx (Sepals): Protect the flower bud before it opens.
(ii) Corolla (Petals): Attract pollinators with bright colors and scent.
(iii) Androecium (Stamens): Produce pollen grains (male gametes) for fertilization.

(2bii)
(i) Anther
(ii) Filament
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(3ai)
Specimen B: Mango fruit
Specimen C: Tridax fruit
Specimen D: Coconut fruit
Specimen E: Pawpaw fruit
Specimen F: Tomato fruit

(3aii)
Specimen B (Mango): Animals
Specimen C (Tridax): Wind
Specimen D (Coconut): Water

(3aiii)
=Specimen B (Mango):
(i) Fleshy and edible pulp attracts animals
(ii) Bright coloration for visibility to animals

=Specimen C (Tridax)=
(i) Presence of hairy/pappus structures that catch wind
(ii) Lightweight and small-sized fruit enhances wind carriage

=Specimen D (Coconut)=
(i) Fibrous husk enables it to float on water
(ii) Waterproof outer layer protects the seed in water

(3b)
Specimen B (Mango): Drupe
Specimen C (Tridax): Achene
Specimen F (Tomato): Berry
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(4ai)
Specimen G: Cervical vertebra
Specimen H: Thoracic vertebra
Specimen I: Quadrat
Specimen J: Sweep net

(4aii)
Human

(4aiii)
Specimen G (Cervical vertebra): Neck region

Specimen H (Thoracic vertebra): Chest or upper back region

(4bi)
(i) Both have a vertebral body that supports weight.
(ii) Both possess a vertebral foramen that forms the vertebral canal protecting the spinal cord.
(iii) Both have spinous and transverse processes for muscle attachment and articulation.

(4bii)

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(5ai)
A suitable food chain is:
Bean seedling (M) –> Grasshopper (L) –> Agama lizard (K)

Specimen M (Bean seedling): Producer – it synthesizes its food through photosynthesis.

Specimen L (Grasshopper): Primary consumer – it feeds on the bean seedling.

Specimen K (Agama lizard): Secondary consumer – it feeds on the grasshopper.

(5aii)
Specimen M (Bean seedling): Producer (1st trophic level)

Specimen L (Grasshopper): Primary consumer (2nd trophic level)

Specimen K (Agama lizard): Secondary consumer (3rd trophic level)

(5b)
(i) Streamlined body: Reduces water resistance and aids in smooth swimming.
(ii) Gills: Efficient for extracting dissolved oxygen from water.
(iii) Fins: Aid in balance, direction, and movement in water.
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